instream flow methods comparison of approaches河道内流量方法比较.pdfVIP

instream flow methods comparison of approaches河道内流量方法比较.pdf

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REGULATEDRIVERS:RESEARCHMANAGEMENT,VOL.13,115–127(1997)

INSTREAMFLOWMETHODS:ACOMPARISONOFAPPROACHES

I.G.JOWETT

NIWA,Box11-115,Hamilton,NewZealand

Minimumflowsinriversandstreamsaimtoprovideacertainlevelofprotectionfortheaquaticenvironment.Thelevelof

protectionisdescribedbyameasuresuchasaprescribedproportionofhistoricflows,wettedperimeterorsuitablehabitat.

Conflictingminimumflowassessmentsfromdifferentinstreamflowmethodsarearguablytheresultofdifferent

environmentalgoalsandlevelsofprotection.Thegoals,thewayinwhichlevelsofprotectionarespecified,andthe

relationshipbetweenlevelsofprotectionandtheaquaticenvironmentareexaminedforthreemajorcategoriesofflow

assessmentmethods:historicflow,hydraulicgeometryandhabitat.Basicconceptualdifferencesareidentified.Flow

assessmentsbyhistoricflowandhydraulicmethodsarerelatedtoriversizeandtendtoretainthe‘character’ofariver.

Habitat-basedmethodsmakenoaprioriassumptionsaboutthenaturalstateoftheriverandflowassessmentsarebased

primarilyonwaterdepthandvelocityrequirements.Flowandhydraulicmethodsassumethatlowerthannaturalflowswill

degradethestreamecosystem,whereashabitatmethodsacceptthepossibilitythataspectsofthenaturalecosystemcanbe

enhancedbyotherthannaturallyoccurringflows.Applicationofhydraulicandhabitatmethodssuggeststhatthe

environmentalresponsetoflowisnotlinear;therelativechangeinwidthandhabitatwithflowisgreaterforsmallriversthan

forlarge.Smallriversaremore‘atrisk’thanlargeriversandrequireahigherproportionoftheaverageflowtomaintain

similarlevelsofenvironmentalprotection.Habitatmethodsarefocusedontargetspeciesorspecificinstreamuses,andare

usefulwherethereareclearmanagementobjectivesandanunderstandingofecosystemrequirements.Flowandhydraulic

methodsareusefulincaseswherethereisapoorunderstandingoftheecosystemorwhereahighlevelofprotectionforan

existingecosystemi

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