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Chapter2:Speechsounds
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:
1.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseand
English.
2.Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandthey
distinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.
3.Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.
4.EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.
5.Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.
6.Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsofthe
amountofinformationconveyed.
7.Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamof
soundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.
8.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:
thethroat,themouthandthechest.
9.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.
10.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepart
ofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.
11.Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichthe
consonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.
12.Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:thepositionoftongue
inthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthe
vowels.
13.Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,
semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.
14.Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.
15.Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning.
16.Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferent
categories.
17.Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingone
soundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning.
18
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