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OutlineDay1Overview:WhyPSM?HistoryanddevelopmentofPSMCounterfactualframeworkThefundamentalassumptionGeneralprocedureSoftwarepackagesReviewillustrationofthebasicmethodsdevelopedbyRosenbaumandRubin倾向评分配对简介专家讲座第1页
Outline(continued)ReviewandillustrationofHeckman’sdifference-in-differencesmethodProblemswiththeRosenbaumRubin’smethodDifference-in-differencesmethodNonparametricregressionBootstrappingDay2Practicalissues,concerns,andstrategiesQuestionsanddiscussions倾向评分配对简介专家讲座第2页
PSMReferencesCheckwebsite:/VRC/Lectures/index.htm(Linktofile“Day1b.doc”)倾向评分配对简介专家讲座第3页
WhyPSM?(1)Need1:AnalyzecausaleffectsoftreatmentfromobservationaldataObservationaldata-thosethatarenotgeneratedbymechanismsofrandomizedexperiments,suchassurveys,administrativerecords,andcensusdata.Toanalyzesuchdata,anordinaryleastsquare(OLS)regressionmodelusingadichotomousindicatoroftreatmentdoesnotwork,becauseinsuchmodeltheerrortermiscorrelatedwithexplanatoryvariable.倾向评分配对简介专家讲座第4页
WhyPSM?(2)Theindependentvariablewisusuallycorrelatedwiththeerrorterm?.Theconsequenceisinconsistentandbiasedestimateaboutthetreatmenteffect?.倾向评分配对简介专家讲座第5页
WhyPSM?(3)Need2:RemovingSelectionBiasinProgramEvaluationFisher’srandomizationidea.Whethersocialbehavioralresearchcanreallyaccomplishrandomizedassignmentoftreatment?ConsiderE(Y1|W=1)–E(Y0|W=0).AddandsubtractE(Y0|W=1),wehave{E(Y1|W=1)–E(Y0|W=1)}+{E(Y0|W=1)-E(Y0|W=0)}Crucial:E(Y0|W=1)?E(Y0|W=0)Thedebateamongeducationresearchers:theimpactofCatholicschoolsvis-à-vispublicschoolsonlearning.TheCatholicschooleffectisthestrongestamongthoseCatholicstudentswhoarelesslikelytoattendCatholicschools(Morgan,).倾向评分配对简介专家讲座第6页
WhyPSM?(4)HeckmanSmith(1995)FourImportantQuestions:Whataretheeffectsoffactorssuchassubsidies,advertising,locallabormarkets,fa
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