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PRINCIPLESOFINSTRUMENTFLIGHTFlightInstrumentSystemsGyroscopicInstruments
RequiredInstrumentsforIFRFlightAllrequiredforVFRFlight-plus:
“GRABCARDD”91.205(d)(e)GeneratororalternatorRadios:Two-wayCommunicationANDnavigationequipmentappropriatetofacilitiesusedAltimeter(adjustable)Ball(slipskidindicator)ClockAttitudeIndicatorRateofturnindicatorDirectionalgyroDMEataboveFL240
EquipmenttestsinspectionsrequiredforIFR
AirworthinessDirectives(recurring/one-time)VOR(preceding30days)Inspections(Annual/100hourifforhire)Altimeter(preceding24calendarmonthsTransponder(preceding24calendarmonths)ELT(preceding12calendarmonths)Staticsystem(preceding24calendarmo.)
GyroscopicFlightInstrumentsAttitudeIndicator-HeadingIndicator-TurnCoordinator
FlightInstrumentSystemsVacuumSystemAttitudeIndicatorHeadingIndicatorElectricalSystemTurnCoordinatorServesasbackupincaseofvacuumsystemfailure
VacuumSystemVACUUMSYSTEM
GyroscopicPrinciplesRigidityinSpacePrecession
RigidityinSpaceAwheelspinningrapidlytendstoremainfixedintheplaneinwhichitisspinning.GimbalsallowsthegyrotorotatefreelyinanyplaneGivesusacenterofreferencethatdoesn’tchangewithaircraftattitude
Gyrostaysfixedasaircraftmovesaroundit
PrecessionApplyaforceonaspinninggyro,itseffectwillbefeltatthe90degreepositionintheplaneofrotation.Causedbyfriction:-ingimbals-inbearingsResultsin:-1)slowdriftinginHIand-2)occasionalsmallerrorsinAI
AttitudeIndicatorShowsaircraftpitchandbankattitudeDoesNOTshowiftheaircraftisturning,climbingordescending
ATTITUDEINDICATOR
HowanAIWorksPrincipleofoperation:-RIGIDITYINSPACEGyrospinsinhorizontalplaneonaverticalaxisMountedondualgimbalssothataircraftcanpitchandrollaroundgyroGyrostayslevelwithnaturalhorizonthereisaself-erectingmechanismactuatedbytheforceofgravityon“pendu
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