法律英语试题库 2.docx

法律英语试题库 2.docx

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法律英语题库

Exercise1

Material4:SourcesofEnglishLaw

Theexpressionsourcesoflawcanmeanatleasttwodifferentthings.Itcanrefertothehistoricaloriginsfromwhichthelawhascome,suchascommonlawandequity.Second,itcanrefertothebodyofruleswhichajudgewilldrawuponindecidingacase,andwheretheserulesaretobefound.InthissecondsensethesourcesofEnglishlawtodayare:Communitylaw,legislation,delegatedlegislation,caselaw,legaltextbooks,andcustom.

CommunityLaw

SincetheUnitedKingdomjoinedtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity,nowtheEuropeanCommunity,ithasprogressively,buteffectively,passedthepowertocreatelawswhichareoperativeinthiscountrytothewiderEuropeaninstitutions.TheUnitedKingdomisnowsubjecttoCommunitylaw,notjustasadirectconsequenceofthevarioustreatiesofaccessionpassedbytheUnitedKingdomParliament,butincreasinglyitissubjecttothesecondarylegislationgeneratedbythevariousinstitutionsoftheEuropeanCommunity.

Europeanlawtakesthreedistinctforms:regulations,directivesanddecisions.RegulationsareimmediatelyeffectivewithouttheneedfortheUnitedKingdomParliamenttoproduceitsownlegislation.Directives,ontheotherhand,requirespecificlegislationtoimplementtheirproposalsbuttheUnitedKingdomParliamentisunderanobligationtoenactsuchlegislationaswillgiveeffecttotheimplementationofthedirectives.DecisionsoftheEuropean(CourtofJusticearebindingthroughoutthecommunityandtakeprecedence

overanydomesticlaw.

Legislation

Parliamentmakeslawintheformoflegislation,i.e.ActsofParliament.Therearevarioustypesoflegislation.WhereaspublicActsaffectthepublicgenerally;privateActsonlyaffectalimitedsectorofthepopulace,eitherparticularpeopleorpeoplewithinaparticularlocality.Withinthecategoryofpublic

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