天文学科普知识详说-(29).ppt

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2024-08-03 发布于四川
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天文学科普知识详说-(29).ppt

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BlackHoleVacuumCleaneroftheUniverse

FormationofBlackHolenuclearfusion-tendstoblowthestarshydrogenoutwardfromthestarscentergravitation-tendstopullallhydrogenbackinthedirectionithadcome

MassofStarOutcome1.4solarmassWhiteDwarf1.4solarmass3.0solarmassNeutronStar3.0solarmassBlackHoleFormationofBlackHole

primordialblackholeisformeduponextremecompressionofmatterbyexternalforcesOnepossibilityoftheexistenceofsuchblackholesareduringtheearlystagesoftheuniversewherehightemperaturesandpressuresexistedFormationofBlackHole

StructureofBlackHole(1)Schwarzschildsingularity:apointofinfinitedensityEventhorizon:boundaryoftheregioninsidewhichlightcannotescapeSchwarzschildradius:radiusoftheeventhorizonSchwarzschildblackhole(史瓦西黑洞)–anon-rotatingblackhole

Photonsphere

Outereventhorizon:BoundaryinsideofwhichnothingcanresistbeingdraggedaroundwiththerotatingmassInnereventhorizon:BoundaryinsideofwhichnothingcanescapeErgosphere:Aparticleenteringitwillbesplitintotwo:onefallsintotheblackhole,andtheotherejectedwithmoreenergyStructureofBlackHole(2)Kerrblackhole–arotatingblackhole

StructureofBlackHole(2)

Evaporationenergyisborrowedfromthevacuum,creatingaparticle-antiparticlepairOneparticleofthepairispulledintotheblackhole,andtheotherescapes,carryingwithitsomeenergyAblackholeof1solarmasswouldtake~10^66yearstoevaporatecompletely

Curvatureofspace-timeAsmallcelestialbodywithlargemassSeverecurvatureofspace-timeNotevenlightcangetout(lightlosesallenergyinclimbingoutofsuchholes)

DetectionofBlackholeIflightisnotgivenoffbyblackholes,howdowedetectthem?

OrbitingaroundnothingWhenastarchangesintoablackhole,thestrengthofitsgravitationalfieldremainsthesameTheplanetsinorbitwouldcontinueintheirorbitsasusualThepl