最全的虚拟语气讲解及练习.docx

虚拟语气

语气：动词的一种形式，表说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法。英语中包括有：陈述事实的陈述语气；提出请求、命令等的祈使语气；表主观愿望和假想虚拟的虚拟语气。

一、用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气

时间将来

时间

将来

从句谓语形式

动词过去式(be用were)should+ 动词原形

wereto+ 动词原形

主句谓语形式

现在

动词过去式(be

were)

had+动词过去分词

用

过去

would/should/might/could

+ 动词原形

would/should/might/could

+ 动词原形

would/should/might/couldhave+ 动词过去分词

将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：

If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。

If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。

现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：

If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。

If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。

过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：

If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。

If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。

运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题

有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：

If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了

If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。

If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。

③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：

If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。

If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。

④当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were,should,had等词置于句首。如：

Should he agree to go there, we would send himthere. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了

二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气

目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且should不能省略

She examined the door again for fear that a thief should comein. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进