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Unit10
TeachingSpeaking
Teachingcontents1.Thedifferencesbetweenspokenwrittenlanguage2.Theprinciplesforteachingspeaking3.Thedesignofspeakingactivities4.Thetypicaltypesofspeakingactivities5.Theorganizationofspeakingactivities
DiscussionWhatisspeakingandwhystudentsshouldbetaughtspokenlanguage?Itisanimportantpartofeverydayinteractionandmostoftenthefirstimpressionofapersonisbasedonhis/herabilitytospeakfluentlyandcomprehensiblyTheultimategoalforteachingspeaking:P156
ThecharacteristicsofspokenlanguageSpontaneityTime-constraint
SpontaneityInmostsituations,peopledonotplanaheadoftimewhattheyaregoingtosay.Thefactthatspeechisspontaneousmeansthatitisfulloffalsestarts,repetitions,incompletesentences,andshortphrases.Shouldweexpectthestudentstoproducecompletesentencesinlanguageclassroom?
Time-constraintThestudentsmustbeabletoproduceunplannedutterancesinrealtime;otherwisepeoplewillnothavethepatiencetolistentothem.Task2(P157)
Commonfeaturesofspokenlanguage(Bygate,1987)Usinglesscomplexsyntax;Takingshortcuts,e.g.incompletesentences;Usingfixedconventionalphrases/chunks;Usingdevicessuchasfillers,hesitationdevicetogivetimetothinkbeforespeaking.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenspokenandwrittenlanguage?
ThedifferencesbetweenspokenandwrittenlanguageSpokenlanguageWrittenlanguage1SpontaneousWellplanned2Sentencesareoftenincomplete,ungrammatical,andfullofhesitations,falsestarts,andredundancies.Sentencesareoftencarefullyconstructedandwellorganised.3Ifitisnotrecorded,spokenlanguagecan’tbelistenedtoagain.Itisexpectedtobeunderstoodimmediately.Writtenlanguageiscomparativelyspeakingpermanent.Itcanbereadasoftenasnecessary.
Commonfeaturesofspokenlanguage(Bygate,1987)Whenspeaking,itisquitenaturalforpeopletorepeat,rephrase,askforclarificationo
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