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Chapter2DNAandChromosomesTheReplicationofDNATheMutabilityandRepairofDNAGenomeStructure,Chromatin,andtheNucleosome
TheReplicationofDNATheChemistryofDNASynthesis,TheMechanismofDNAPolymerase,TheReplicationFork,TheSpecializationofDNAPolymerases,DNASynthesisattheReplicationFork,InitiationofDNAReplication,BindingandUnwinding:OriginSelectionandActivationbytheInitiatorProtein,FinishingReplication
THECHEMISTRYOFDNASYNTHESISDNASynthesisRequiresDeoxynucleosideTriphosphatesandaPrimer:TemplateJunction
Figure9-1
Figure9-2DNAIsSynthesizedbyExtendingthe3′EndofthePrimer
THEMECHANISMOFDNAPOLYMERASEDNAPolymerasesUseaSingleActiveSitetoCatalyzeDNASynthesisThesynthesisofDNAiscatalyzedbyaclassofenzymescalledDNApolymerases.Unlikemostenzymes,whichhaveoneactivesitethatcatalyzesonereaction,DNApolymeraseusesasingleactivesitetocatalyzetheadditionofanyofthefourdeoxynucleosidetriphosphates.TheDNApolymerasemonitorstheabilityoftheincomingnucleotidetoformanA:TorG:Cbasepair,ratherthandetectingtheexactnucleotidethatenterstheactivesite.Onlywhenacorrectbasepairisformedarethe3′-OHoftheprimerandtheα-phosphateoftheincomingnucleosidetriphosphateintheoptimumpositionforcatalysistooccur.
Figure9-3aFIGURE9-3CorrectlypairedbasesarerequiredforDNA-polymerase-catalyzednucleotideaddition.(a)Schematicdiagramoftheattackofaprimer3′-OHendonacorrectlybase-paireddNTP.(Adapted,withpermission,fromBrautigamC.A.andSteitzT.A.1998.Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.8:54–63,Fig.4d.#Elsevier.)
Figure9-3bFIGURE9-3CorrectlypairedbasesarerequiredforDNA-polymerase-catalyzednucleotideaddition.(b)SchematicdiagramoftheconsequenceofincorrectbasepairingoncatalysisbyDNApolymerase.Intheexampleshown,theincorrectA:Abasepairdisplacestheα-phosphateoftheincomingnucleotide.Th
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