章探索数据1 tps5e lecturech讲座.pptx

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2024-08-12 发布于北京
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章探索数据1 tps5e lecturech讲座.pptx

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CHAPTER1

ExploringData

1.1

AnalyzingCategoricalData

DISPLAYcategoricaldatawithabargraphIDENTIFYwhatmakessomegraphsofcategoricaldatadeceptiveCALCULATEandDISPLAYthemarginaldistributionofacategoricalvariablefromatwo-waytableCALCULATEandDISPLAYtheconditionaldistributionofacategoricalvariableforaparticularvalueoftheothercategoricalvariableinatwo-waytableDESCRIBEtheassociationbetweentwocategoricalvariablesAnalyzingCategoricalData

CategoricalVariablesCategoricalvariablesplaceindividualsintooneofseveralgroupsorcategories.FrequencyTableFormatCountofStationsAdultContemporary1556AdultStandards1196ContemporaryHit569Country2066News/Talk2179Oldies1060Religious2014Rock869SpanishLanguage750OtherFormats1579Total13838RelativeFrequencyTableFormatPercentofStationsAdultContemporary11.2AdultStandards8.6ContemporaryHit4.1Country14.9News/Talk15.7Oldies7.7Religious14.6Rock6.3SpanishLanguage5.4OtherFormats11.4Total99.9CountPercentVariableValues

Frequencytablescanbedifficulttoread.Sometimesisiseasiertoanalyzeadistributionbydisplayingitwithabargraphorpiechart.DisplayingCategoricalDataFrequencyTableFormatCountofStationsAdultContemporary1556AdultStandards1196ContemporaryHit569Country2066News/Talk2179Oldies1060Religious2014Rock869SpanishLanguage750OtherFormats1579Total13838RelativeFrequencyTableFormatPercentofStationsAdultContemporary11.2AdultStandards8.6ContemporaryHit4.1Country14.9News/Talk15.7Oldies7.7Religious14.6Rock6.3SpanishLanguage5.4OtherFormats11.4Total99.9

Graphs:GoodandBadBargraphscompareseveralquantitiesbycomparingtheheightsofbarsthatrepresentthosequantities.Oureyes,however,reacttotheareaofthebarsaswellastotheirheight.Whenyoudrawabargraph,makethebarsequallywide.Itistemptingtoreplacethebarswithpicturesforgreatereyeappeal.Don’tdoit!Therearetwoimportantlessonstokeepinmind:bewarethepict