沃爱默生美国超验主义之父作品文学简介emersonthoreau.pptxVIP

RalphWaldoEmersonfatheroftheAmericanTranscendentalism

i).WorksNature1836theBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalismestablishedthebasesofhistranscendentalistideadevelopedfromEmerson’searlylecturessetsforththemainprinciples

TheAmericanScholar1837“ourintellectualDeclarationofIndependence”“America’sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”

“Ourdayofdependence,ourlongapprenticeshiptothelearningofotherlands,drawstoaclose.Themillionsthataroundusarerushingintolife,cannotalwaysbefedonthesereremainsofforeignharvests.Events,actionsarise,thatmustbesung,thatwillsingthemselves.”

TheContent1).calledonAmericanwriterstowriteaboutAmericainanAmericanwayinsteadofimitatingthingsforeign2).definedtheobligationsofscholarsofallages3).showedAmericanpeople’sdesireforculturalindependenceliteraryidentity

OtherWorksDivinitySchoolAddress,1838《神学院演讲》TheOversoul,1841《论超灵》SelfReliance,1841《论自立》

II).Aesthetics1).Poetsshouldfunctionaspreacherswhogavedirectionstothemass.2).Truepoetryshouldserveasamoralpurification.3).Theargument(orhisthoughtorexperience)shoulddecidetheformofthepoeminsteadoftraditionaltechniques.4).Thepoetsshouldexpresshisthoughtinsymbols.5).Poetsshouldusewordsfortheirpictorialandimaginativemeaning.6).EmersoncalleduponAmericanauthorstowriteraboutpeculiarAmericanmatters.

iii).Influences19th-centuryAmerica’smostnotableprophetandsageheadofTranscendentalismhelpedformsomeofThoreau’sideasinfluencedandencouragedWaltWhitman

EpigrambyEmersonThefirstwealthishealth.健康是人生第一财富。A?great?man?is?always?willing?to?be?little.伟大的人物总是愿意当小人物的。?Self-trust?is?the?first?secret?of?success.自信乃成功之第一秘诀。EverymanImeetissuperiorinsomeway.Inthat,Ilearnofhim.人皆有胜我之处，此处当为我所学。Noonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves.除了你自己以外，没有人能哄骗你离开最后的成功。

HenryDavidThoreau(1817~