euro cult unit 3 hellenistic greek edited欧元邪教单位希腊化希腊语.pptx

TheHellenisticGreeceUnit3

AGeneralHistoryofAncientGreeceEarlyGreeksClassicalAgeHellenisticAge

III.TheHellenisticAge

(300BCE-1stCentury)HellenisticAgebetweentheconquestofthePersianEmpirebyAlexandertheGreatandtheestablishmentofRomansupremacy,inwhichGreekcultureandlearningwerepreeminentintheMediterraneanandtheMiddleEast.

TheEmpireofAlexander

TextAHellenisticGreeceTextFocusSocialtransformation?Culturalachievements?ThedemiseofGreece

HellenisticCulture1.WhatchangestookplaceintheHellenisticAge?Ashiftfrom______to______?1)fromlocalizedandintrovertedcity-statestoanopencosmopolitanandexuberantculture2)fromtheIdealtotheReal3)fromindividualcitiestolargekingdoms

TheHellenisticCulture2.Inwhatfieldsweregreatculturalachievementsmade?PhilosophyArtandarchitectureScience

ContendingSchoolsofThoughtstheStoicstheSkepticstheEpicureans（伊壁鸠鲁学派）theCynics

TheSkepticsTheSkepticsfollowedPyrrhon(皮隆，360-272BC),whoheldthatknowledgewasunattainable.Henceheandhisfellowsdoubtedthetruthofwhatothersacceptedastrue.

TheEpicureansEpicurus(about341---270BC)whobelievedpleasuretobethehighestgoodinlife,butbypleasurehemeant,notsensualenjoyment,butfreedomfrompainandemotionalupheaval.

TheStoicsOppositetotheEpicureans,theStoicsbelievethatthemostimportantthinginlifewasnot“pleasure”,but“duty”.Oneshouldendurehardshipandmisfortunewithcourage.

TheCynicsTheCynicsgottheirnamebecauseDiogenes(about412---323BC)decidedtolivelikeadogandtheword“cynic”means“dog”inGreek.Herejectedallconventions,andadvocatedself-sufficiencyandextremesimplicityinlife.

AlexanderandDiogenes

ScienceEuclidAlexandrianmathematicianandfatherofgeometryArchimedes“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.”EratosthenesCalculatedthecircumferenceoftheearth

Artan