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宏观经济学-课后思考题答案_史蒂芬威廉森011
Chapter11
Market-ClearingModelsoftheBusinessCycle
TeachingGoals
Physicshassofarfailedtoprovideaunifiedtheorytoexplain
allphysicalphenomena.Economicsisevenfurtherawayfrom
achievingsuchagoal.Keynesianmodels,whilestillpopular
amongmanypolicymakers,donotdoaverygoodjobof
explainingthesourceandthemechanismbywhichthetypical
businesscyclecomestopass.Althoughbusinesscyclesare
remarkablesimilar,theyarenotidentical,andtheyappearto
havemultiplecauses.
Equilibriumtheoristshaveproposedanumberofbusiness
cycleexplanationsthatarebaseduponmicroeconomicprinciples
andneednotrelyonmarketsfailingtoequilibrate.Interestingly,
incontrast
tothemostbasicofclassicalmodels,thesemodelsoften
admitaconstructiveroleformacroeconomicpolicymaking.
Therealbusinesscyclemodelemphasizesthepointthat
shockstototalfactorproductivityarepersistent,andthat
businesscyclesmayrepresenttheoptimalresponsetosuch
shocks.Thesegmentationmarketsmodelrealizesthatnot
everyoneparticipatesinfinancialsmarketsandthussomeagents
areprimarilyeffectedbyopenmarketoperations.The
coordinationfailuremodelrecognizesthepossibilitythat
strategiccomplementaritiesgenerateakindofexternalityin
production.Whilealloftheseconsiderationsmay,toagreateror
lessextent,beimportantfactorsinmacroeconomicperformance,
amodelthatsimultaneouslyconsideredallofthesepossibilities
wouldbetoounwieldytoprovidecoherentinsights.
Nevertheless,all
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