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英语语言学简答+论述
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英语语言学简答+论述全文共1页，当前为第1页。Whyislinguisticsavastfieldofstudy?
英语语言学简答+论述全文共1页，当前为第1页。
Linguisticsisabroadfieldofstudy,becauselanguageisacomplicatedentitywithmanylayersandfacets.Itishardlypossibleforalinguisttodealwithallaspectsoflanguageatonce.Thereareanumberofdivisionsoflinguistics,whichcanbeputintotwocategories.
1)Intra-disciplinarydivisions:thestudyoflanguageingeneralisoftentermedgenerallinguistics.Itisbasedontheviewthatlanguageasasystemiscomposedofthreeaspects:sound,structureandmeaning.
2)Inter-disciplinarydivisions:
a)Sociologydealswithlanguageandculture.
b)Psycholinguisticsdealswiththerelationbetweenlanguageandmind
c)Appliedlinguisticsisconcernedwiththeapplicationoflinguistictheoriesanddescriptionsinotherfields.
Allabovethreebelongtosociolinguistics.
Competenceandperformance
InAspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax,AmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950sdefinescompetenceasalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutsystemofrules,andperformancereferstotheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituation.
AccordingtoChomsky,aspeakerhasinternalizedasetofrulesabouthislanguage,whichenableshimtoproduceandunderstandanindefinitenumberofsentencesandtorecognizegrammaticalmistakesandambiguities.
Aspeaker’scompetenceisstable,buthisperformanceisofteninfluencedbypsychologicalandsocialfactors.Forexample,aspeaker’scompetenceisstable,butoncertainoccasionshemaynotperformverywellduetovariousfactorssuchaspressure,distress,anxiety,orembarrassment.Slipsofthetongue,falsestarts,unnecessarypauses,amongotherthings,allbelongtotheimperfectionofperformance.
Apersonmaymakegrammaticalmistakesinspeech,butthatdoesnotmeanthathedoesnotknowtherule.Ifheisgivenanungrammaticalsentence,hecanorganizeitasungrammat
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