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TheClassicalGreeceUnit2
BeforeYouRead1.WhatdoyouknowaboutGreece?
BeforeYouRead2.ALegendaryHorseTheTrojanHorse
StarttoReadTextATheClassicalGreeceTextFocusWhen？Cities？CultureandartAlexandertheGreat
AGeneralHistoryofAncientGreeceEarlyGreeks:2000BC-1100BCClassicalAge:HellenisticAge:
I.EarlyGreeks
2000-800BCETheTrojanWarHomerIliad
II.TheClassicalAgeQuestion1：WhenwastheClassicalAge?FromthefallofthelastAtheniantyrantin510BCtothedeathofAlexandertheGreatin323BC.
II.TheClassicalAgeQuestion2:WhichcitieswerethemostpowerfulinAncientGreece?AthensandSparta
AthensandSparta
AthensandSpartaSparta---militarypowerAthens---democracy
Sparta
II.ClassicalGreeceQuestion3:Whatculturalachievementsweremade?AdirectdemocracyTheteachingsofgreatthinkers“Fatherofmodernmedicine”DramasArt
ClassicalCultureClassicalGreeceisthesourcefromwhichmanyofthecharacteristicelementsofWesternculturederive.
CulturalAchievementsGreatThinkers
Socrates(about470---399BC)Socrateslikedtotalkwithpeopleinthemarketplaceandinthestreet,askingandansweringquestions.Thismethodofargumenthascometobeknownasthedialecticalmethod.In399hewasputontrialonachargeof“injuringthecity”.ThistrialwasrecordedlaterbyPlatointhedialogue“TheApologyofSocrates.”
Socrates
Plato(427-347)Platobuiltupacomprehensivesystemofphilosophy.Hearguedthatmenhaveknowledgebecauseoftheexistenceofcertaingeneral“ideas”,likebeauty,truthandgoodness.Onlythese“ideas”arecompletelyreal,whilethephysicalworldisonlyrelativelyreal.Forthisreason,Plato’sphilosophyiscalledIdealism,andPlatowascalledidealist.Works:Dialogues,Symposium,TheRepublic
Aristotle(384---322BC)PupilofPlato,tutorofAlexandertheGreatHeemphasizeddirectobservationofnatureandinsistedthattheoryshouldfollowfact.Hethoughtth
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