像济学家一样思考ec ro nn po l em chapter presentation02.pptx

ThinkingLikeAnEconomistEconomicsPRINCIPLESOFN.GregoryMankiwPremiumPowerPointSlides

byRonCronovich2

Inthischapter,

lookfortheanswerstothesequestions:Whatareeconomists’tworoles?Howdotheydiffer?Whataremodels?Howdoeconomistsusethem?WhataretheelementsoftheCircular-FlowDiagram?Whatconceptsdoesthediagramillustrate?HowistheProductionPossibilitiesFrontierrelated

toopportunitycost?Whatotherconceptsdoesitillustrate?Whatisthedifferencebetweenmicroeconomicsandmacroeconomics?Betweenpositiveandnormative?1

THINKINGLIKEANECONOMIST2TheEconomistasScientistEconomistsplaytworoles:1.Scientists:trytoexplaintheworld2.Policyadvisors:trytoimproveitInthefirst,economistsemploythe

scientificmethod,

thedispassionatedevelopmentandtestingoftheoriesabouthowtheworldworks.

THINKINGLIKEANECONOMIST3AssumptionsModelsAssumptionssimplifythecomplexworld,

makeiteasiertounderstand.Example:Tostudyinternationaltrade,

assumetwocountriesandtwogoods. Unrealistic,butsimpletolearnand

givesusefulinsightsabouttherealworld.Model:ahighlysimplifiedrepresentationof

amorecomplicatedreality.

Economistsusemodelstostudyeconomicissues.

THINKINGLIKEANECONOMIST4SomeFamiliarModelsAroadmap

THINKINGLIKEANECONOMIST5SomeFamiliarModelsAmodelofhuman

anatomyfromhigh

schoolbiologyclass

THINKINGLIKEANECONOMIST6SomeFamiliarModelsAmodelairplane

THINKINGLIKEANECONOMIST7SomeFamiliarModelsThemodelteethatthedentist’sofficeDon’tforgettofloss!

THINKINGLIKEANECONOMIST8OurFirstModel:

TheCircular-FlowDiagramTheCircular-FlowDiagram:avisualmodeloftheeconomy,showshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholdsandfirmsTwotypesof“actors”:householdsfirmsTwomarkets:themarketforgoodsandservicesthemarketfor“factorsofproduction”

THINKINGLIKEANECONOMIST9FactorsofProductionF