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RespiratoryDysfunction
AnatomyandPhysiologyoftheChildhoodRespiratorySystemUpperrespiratorytractNosePharynxLarynxEpiglottisLowerrespiratorytractTracheaBronchiBronchiolesandalveoli
TheUpperAirwaydifferences:shorterandnarrow4mm20mmnosebreatherairwayresistancelooselymucousmembranesandsofttissueTheLowerAirwaydifferences:rightbronchusismorewider,shorter,verticallessalveolarsurfacearea
AnatomyandPhysiologyoftheChildhoodRespiratorySystem
Pneumonia
DefinitionAninflammationorinfectionofthebronchiolesandalveolarspacesofthelungsPneumonia
Introductionoccur:ininfantsandyoungchildrenrecovery:childrensoonerthanadultsexisttype:diseaseorcomplicationseason:latewinterandearlyspringPneumonia
LobarpneumoniaBronchopneumonia(lobularpneumonia)InterstitialpneumoniaPneumoniaclassificationMorphologicalclassification
EtiologicAgentInfectiousvirusbacterialMycoplasma(支原体肺炎)chlamydial(衣原体肺炎)fungipneumocystis(肺囊虫)NoninfectiousforeignbodyaspirationPneumoniaclassification
CourseAgentAcute1monthProgressive1-3monthsChronic3monthsPneumoniaclassification
StateofIllnessMildSeverePneumoniaclassification
theclinicalmanifestationsofbronchopneumoniaMildbronchopneumoniafever:irregularfevercough:dry,hacking,non-productivetoproductivecoughtachypnea:RR40~80ts/mnasalflaring,sighingrespiration,threedepressionsignsandcyanosisfixedfinemoistralesPneumonia
theclinicalmanifestationsofbronchopneumoniaSeverebronchopneumoniacirculationsystemmanifestationsofmyocarditissignsofheartfailurenervoussystemgastrointestinalChest:X-rayfilmPneumonia
SeverebronchopneumoniaCirculationsystemmyocarditis,congestiveheartfailure
pathogensinvadingthemyocardiumandproducetoxinto
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