可持续性sustainability essay senior发展.pdfVIP

Sustainability

1.Defineanddiscussdefinitionsof‘sustainability’and‘sustainabledevelopment’,andtheaimsand

rationaleofsustainabledevelopment988

Sustainability:

1).Therehasbeenvigorousdebateoverpreciselywhatsustainabilityis.

2).ingeneralterms,sustainabilityisaboutconductingbusiness,managingtheeconomy,etc.,inawaythatwillnot

harmthewelfareoffuturegenerations.

3).Therearetwokeyconcerns:(BarilocheandBrundtland)

a).therecognitionofthelong-runimpactofresourceandenvironmentalconstraintsonpatternsofdevelopmentand

consumption

b).theconcernforthewell-beingoffuturegenerations,particularlyinsofarasthisisaffectedbytheiraccessto

naturalresourcesandtoenvironmentalgoods.

4).Inaneconomist’sview:

a).Aneconomistmightdefinesustainabilityas:Providingforthematerialneedsofthecurrentgenerationinsucha

wayasnottocompromisethematerialwell-beingoffuturegenerations.(Heal,1996)

b).moregenerally,itmightbedefinedintermsofutility:izingsomemeasureofutilitythatembracesnot

onlythecurrentgeneration,butalsofuturegenerations

c).however,thereareproblemswitheconomist’concept:

Firstly,itisanthropocentric.Secondly,alargeproportionofutilityisderivedfromconditionsotherthanmaterial

well-being.Thirdly,theconceptisvagueastoprecisely‘whatshouldbeized’.

5).Therehavebeenaseriesofframeworksthatseemstocapturesomeaspectsofwhatthe‘sustainability’actually

means.However,noneofthemhaveaddressedalltheconcernsmentionedbeforenorcaptureallnecessarycontents

ofsustainability

6).Oneisthediscountedutilitarianismframework:

a).T