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ANTI-BACTERIALCompoundsGermicide/antisepticonskindisinfectantonthingsExternaluse–mostareoxidants: Cl2,O3,I2,NaOCl,H2O2,KMnO4,Chloramine-TChloramine-TPhenol(s)TriclosanMethylsalicylatePhenols:generallytoxicthroughskinbut1.5%istolerableegs.Lysol(=p-cresol),TCP(=trichlorophenol),phenol(carbolicacid,R=H),TriclosanListerinecontainsmenthol,thymol,methylsalicylateandeucalyptol
QuaternaryAmmoniumCompounds-Mouthwash-R4N+X-Cetylpyridiniumbromide Domiphenbromide(Life,Safewaybrands,etc.)Cetrimoniumbromideis(CH3)3N+(CH2)15CH3Br-=cetrimideChlorhexidine–forgingivitis
INTERNALUSE:BacteriadividedintoGram+veandGram-vegroups:CrystalvioletstainturnsbothpurplebutonlyGram+vereaminsoafterI2treatmentandanacetone-alcohol-waterwashGram+vehavethickwallswithnooutermembraneandtrapstainegs. Streptococcus,Staphylococcus,PneumonococcusGame–vehavethinwallswithinnerandoutermembranesanddoNOTretainthestainegs. Meningitis,Salmonella,E.Coli,Pseudomonas
TB(tuberculosis,consumption)(Mycobacteriumtuberculosis)destroyslungtissue,stillkillsca.1-2M/y WHOestimates1/3popofearthcarriesTBbacterium TBvaccineessentiallywipedoutTBintheWestbutca.424K/y drugresistantcases(ca.30K/yareVERYdrugresistant) UViccaseFebruary2009rifampicinandisoniazidaremostcommontreatmentbutprocedureislongandmanycutitshort:asaresult1.2%ofcasesareresistant
SeriousconcernsthatTBcouldreappearinWest:Nonewdrugsfor40yearsbut~30nowunderstudyAnewJohnsonJohnsondrug(R207910)isundertrialsthatinhibitsATPsynthaseBayerisintrialswithmoxifloxacinNovartisisintrialswithanitroimidazole
THESULFADRUGS:effectiveagainstmostGram+ve,someGram–ve FOLICACID PABAp-aminobenzoicacidWeeatfolicacid;bacteriamakeitfromPABA:wecanfoolthemusingsulfanilamidesotheydieofvit
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