语言学笔记The-Use-of-English_原创文档.pdfVIP

语言学笔记

The-Use-of-English

LT

TheUseofEnglish

8.1PragmaticApproachtoLanguage

8.1.1Pragmatics（语用学）

Itisthestudyofmeaninginuse.meaningincontext.speakermeaning.

contextualmeaning.

Pragmaticsstudiescommunication(utteranceproductionand

comprehension)fromafunctional(i.e.social,cultural,cognitive)perspective.

8.1.2Semantics(语义学)V.SPragmatics

Semanticism:semanticsincludespragmatics

Pragmaticism:pragmaticsincludessemantics

Complementarism:semanticsstudiesmeaningintheabstract;pragmatics

studiesmeaninginthecontext/use.

8.2DeicticExpressions（指示语）

8.2.1Deixis

Deixis:(fromGreek)anchoring,pointing(towardthecontext)phenomenon.

Thelinguisticmeansusedinthisfunctionareknownasdeictics,indexicals

(orindexical/deicticexpressions).

Examples:pronouns,demonstratives,timeandplaceadverbs,andsome

grammaticalcategoriessuchastense.

8.2.2Characteristicsinuse

Theegocentricityofdeixis

Deicticexpressionsareanchoredtospecificpointsinthecommunicative

event.Theunmarkedpoints,calledthedeicticcenter,aretypicallyassumedtobe

asfollows(S.Levinson:Pragmatics):Ilovethisgame!

1)thecentralpersonisthespeaker

2)thecentraltimeisthetimeatwhichthespeakerproducestheutterance

3)thecentralplaceisthespeaker’slocationatutterancetime

4)thediscoursecenteristhepointwhichthespeakeriscurrentlyatinthe

productionofhisutterance

5)thesocialcenteristhespeaker’ssocialstatusandrank,towhichthe

statusorrankofaddresseesorreferentsisrelative.

8.2.3DeicticVS.Non-deictic