内容成果acaweek4讲座.pptx

EnglishinSpokenInteractionWeek4

PhonologyThesyllable

RecaponthesoundsofEnglish…

Descriptionofspeechsounds

ConsonantsVoicingPlaceofarticulationMannerofarticulationVowelsMonophthongsDiphthongs?

AustralianEnglish–IPA

Phonetics–productionofsounds,descriptionofsoundsPhonology–drawsoutpatternsofwherethosesoundsoccurandhowtheyvaryinspeech.Looksatthesystemandpatternofthespeechsounds.Considerthephrase: Howareyou?Wedon’tallsaythisthesameway(i.e.wedon’tuseexactlythesamesounds),howeverwecanstillunderstandeachother.Whatwerecognizeasseparatespeechsoundsdependsonthesoundsystemofthelanguagewearespeaking.Phoneticsvs.Phonology

Let’sconsider:sip zip fine vinechunk junkEachworddiffersfromtheotherinbothmeaningandform–wecanchangetheinitialsound,anditesadifferentwordDistinctivesoundsarecalledphonemesPhonology

PHONES–Whenweareconcernedwithdescribingactualspeechsounds,whatweareactuallyhearing,wearetalkingaboutPHONES.PHONEMES–Theseareabstractdistinctivesoundunits.

Phonemesarewhatspeakersperceivetobedistinctivespeechsounds.ALLOPHONES–arethevariantpronunciationsofaphoneme.Examples: carkey pitspit pin binChangingaPHONEMEchangesthemeaningPhonology

SoundsinconnectedspeechInnaturalspeech:Soundsinfluenceeachother(place,manner,voicing,length,etc.)StressinfluencestherealisationofsoundsIntonationinfluencestherealisationofsounds

SoundsinconnectedspeechDeletion/Elision(Lossofsounds)e.g.‘them’‘em’ Epenthesis(Additionofsounds)e.g.‘film’‘filem’ Modificationofsounds Assimilation e.g.‘handbag’hambagDissimilation e.g.‘February’‘Febyuary’(‘Febury’)Metathesis e.g.‘ask’‘aks’

Whatisasyllable?“Thesyllableisthemostbasicelementinthisconstituentstructure.IthaspsychologicalrealityasaunitthatspeakersofalanguagecanidentifySpeak