药物化学抗病毒药物.pptx

抗病毒药物(Antioial

理学院化学系

■一、危害性：

约60%的流行性传染病由病毒引起。

早期病毒性传染病如天花、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、和乙型脑炎等疾病。

新的病毒不断被发现，如HIV和HBV、SARS。

简介

简介

首次发现：1892年，烟草花叶病毒

■大小：fromtheverysmall~20nmtothenearbacterial-200×200×250nm

Allclassesoflivingorganismsstudiedtodatearethehosttoviruses.Virusescanhavetheirownsatelliteviruses。

■Virusesalonehaveverylittlecapacityto

produceanything-intheabsenceofthehosttheyareusuallyentirelydormant(undersomeconditionsareabletomakesmallamountsofnucleicacid).

■Virusesdifferfrombacteriaandfungi,whichareusuallycapableofgrowthintheabsenceofhostcellsofotherspecies

2.Penetration

3.Uncoating

■Replicationphase

4.Gene

expression

5.Genome

replication

■Releasephase

6.Assembly7.Maturation8.Release

简介

■二、致病过程

■Initiationphase1.Attachment

Spreadtoothercells

cells

Location

ofnextcell

+i+

Virusrelease

·

·

·Attachmentto

receptors

Entry

·Uncoatinginspecificcellcompartment

Cell

entry

Takeoverof

Replicationof

genome

Cell

U

Nucleus

cellmachinery·

Assemblyofparticle

·

·

·Packagingofgenome

·Spreadtonewhost

Transporttocellsurface

(avoidanceofcelldeath)

mRNAsynthesis

·

·

Transporttoinfectable

Assemblyofcomponents

Proteinsynthesis

·

简介

■三、结构及成分

■核心是脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)或核糖核酸(RNA),外壳是蛋白质

(a)(b)

Proteinshell

Nucleicacid

Viruses:Structure

NonenvelopedAdoptedfromPDMinor,2000

Enveloped

■四、抗病毒治疗

Drugsaffectingnucleicacid

synthesis-purinesandpyrimidinesanalogs

InhibitorsofRT(preventing

synthesisofviralDNAandproteins).

Proteaseinhibitors-affect

synthesisoflateproteinsand

packaging

简介

Compare:

Virus...errorinHIVRT1in106virions

Host.....errorinhost