chapter-6-pragmatics语用学近年原文.ppt

Chapter6PragmaticsInstructedby:YanShangyuan

1.Whatispragmatics?(p.141)PragmaticswasfirstusedbyAmericanphilosopherCharlesMorris(1938)whenheoutlinedtheshapeofsemiotics(syntactics,semantics,pragmatics).Pragmaticsdealswiththeuseoflanguage;itstudiesthemeaninginuse(speaker’smeaning,contextualmeaning).

1.1sentencemeaningandutterancemeaningSentence:unitofstructure,anabstractcontext-independententity;itsexistenceisfreefromanysituations.Thesentencemeaningisthusasemanticproposition.Utterance:unitofspeechactuallyusedforcommunication.Itcanbeunderstoodasthespeaker’spurposeorthespeaker’sintention.

1.2ContextGenerally,contextreferstothebackgroundknowledgesharedbythespeakerandhearer,includinggeneralknowledgeoftheworld,knowledgespecifictothesituationofcommunication,specifictothecounterpartsofcommunication,theknowledgeofthepurposeofcommunication.

Theimportanceofcontext:Themeaningoftheutterancescanbeexplicitlydeterminedandthefunctionoflanguagecanbefullyrealizedonlybyreferencetothesituationinwhichtheutteranceoccur.

Wife:TodayisSunday,John.(a).Situation:Johngetsupearlyduringtheworkdays.I:Youdon’thavetogetupearlytoday,youmaystayinbedforlong.(b).Situation:Johnneverdoeshouseworkinexcuseofbeingbusyatwork.I:Youhavetodosomehouseworkbecauseyoudon’tworktoday.(c).Situation:JohnpromisedtogoshoppingwithhiswifeonSunday.I:Don’tforgetwhatyoupromised.

2.Micropragmatics(p.143)2.1ReferenceTheactbywhichaspeakerorwriteruseslanguagetoenablehearerorreadertoidentifysomethingiscalledreference.

2.2Deixis(p.144)Deixisisthewordsandexpressionswhosereferencedependsentirelyonthesituatio