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人教版新教材高中英语选择性必修二全册单词语境记忆(复习必背)--第1页
UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS
1Choleraisaninfectiousdiseasecausedbygerms.Peoplewhoareinfectedwiththisdiseasewillsuffer
fromseverediarrhoea，dehydrationandevendeath.Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowfeltalittle
frustratedatfirst，buthewasdeterminedtodefeat“KingCholera”onceandforall.Therewerethen
twocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Snowsubscribedtothecorrecttheorythat
cholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.ButSnowneededproofandfindings.It
happenedthatcholerabrokeoutinLondonin1854，andSnowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthat
thereweremultipledeathsinsomehouseholdsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.Thisshowed
therewasalinkbetweenthecasesofcholeraandthewater.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwas
toblame，sohehadthehandleofthewaterpumpremoved.ThankstoSnow’sintervention，people
begantodrinkpurewaterinsteadofrawwater.Thus，therewasasubstantialdecreaseinthethreatof
cholera.Furthermore，inhisuseofmapsandstatistics，Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudy
diseases.Histhinkingandconceptondiseasewerequitenovelatthattime.Therefore，Snowis
consideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.
2Doctorsusemicroscopestoobservecells，germs，virusesorproteinsincells，whileastronomerslook
atstarsandstudyastronomythroughtelescopes.Atheorymaybeabstract，butresearchworkneedsto
haveasolid，concreteorvividtheoreticalframework.BesidesJohnSnow，itisworthmentioningQian
Xuesen，thefatherofChina’saerospaceindustry.Hewasanoutstanding，giftedandpatrioticscientist
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