Part-4-Henry-James-亨利-詹姆斯近年原文.ppt

HenryJames(1843-1916)

psychologicalrealistnovelist

LifeexperienceHisworksWritingstyleandtheoryRepresentedworksLifeofHenryJamesHenryJameswasborninNewEnglandin1843.Hisfatherisaphilosopher;hisbrotherWilliam,anoutstandingphilosopherandpsychologist.LifeofHenryJamesAttendedHarvardLawSchoolbutreadliteraryworksthereFormanyyearshealternatedvisitstoEngland,FranceandItalytostaysintheEngland.In1875hedecidedthatEuropewashisidealhomeandsettledinParis,wherehemetFlaubertandMaupassant.Thenin1915hewenttoEnglandandbecameBritishsubject,wherehemetthemostwell-knownwritersoftheperiod,suchasConradandKipling,acceptedhimasafriendandappreciatedhisbooks.HenevermarriedItwassaidthathewasagay，andHekeptalong-termfriendshipwithEdithWharton,whoisthecontemporaryAmericanwomanwriterHediedinLondonin1916andwasburiedinMassachusetts.In1976hisasheswereremovedtoPoets’cornerinWestminsterAbbey.Literarycareer:threestagesa.1865~1882:internationaltheme国际主题TheAmerican《美国人》DaisyMiller《黛西米勒》ThePortraitofaLady《贵妇画像》b.1882~1895:inter-personalrelationshipsandsomeplays作品主题：人与人之间的关系Thenovelsandplayswerepoorlyreceivedbuthegotabetterknowledgeofliterarytechniques.这一时期的作品反映不明显，他的创作手法得到了提高。c.1895~1900:novelsandtalesdealingwithchildhoodandadolescence,thenbacktointernationaltheme作品主题：童年和青少年，及国际主题。TheTurnoftheScrew《螺丝在拧紧》WhatMaisieKnew《梅西所知道的》TheAmbassadors《奉使记》TheWingsoftheDove《鸽翼》TheGoldenBowl《金碗》THETURNOFTHESCREW

Itisanovelette,thatisashortnovel,aliterarytypeinwhichJamesexcelled.故事讲述的是一个来自乡间的年轻女子，她去到一个偏僻的农庄当家教。这位女家教经常看到已死的前任总管和女家教的鬼魂,并认为这些鬼魂是来骚扰自己的学生的,为了保护自己的学生,她要求学生不要与鬼魂来往,最后男孩死去,女孩昏厥,最后也被死鬼管家带走。欲望、能力、效果是詹姆斯所关心的主题。也就是说,他只不过是通过鬼故事来反射人们的欲望以及由于欲望和欲望的压抑而产生的一些行为及其后果;“那一对不正常的代理人”尤其说明了她们的心理状况。可见,鬼魂作怪只是表层结构,欲望作怪才是深层结构。?TheTurnoftheScre