有道四级全程班电子讲义语法体系介绍.docx

语法体系介绍

目录

构成句子的基本词类 1

句子的基本成分 1

五大基本句型 2

名词 3

代词 5

冠词 7

形容词 9

副词 10

介词 11

时态 13

名词性从句 23

定语从句 24

状语从句 25

非谓语动词 28

特殊句式 32

1

构成句子的基本词类：

英文中常用词类共十种。

1.名词n.

uncle,Steven,CD-player,computer

2.代词pron.

Mybrotherisanengineer.

Hegotmarriedlastmonth.

Myfriendsentmeapresent,butIdidn’tlikeit.

3.冠词art.

Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.

Doyoulikethepictureonthewall?

4.数词num.

one,two;first,second

5.介词prep.

Tomlookedatmeangrily.

6.连词conj.

Heansweredme,buthespokeneitherslowlynorclearly.

7.形容词adj.

red,smart,wonderful,stupid,tall,difficult

8.副词adv.

quickly,here,now

9.动词v.

talk,walk,am,is,are,must,have

10.感叹词int.

ow,ouch,bravo

句子的基本成分：

句子八种成分

1.主语

Stevenwenttoschoolattheageoften.

2.谓语

HeteachesEnglish.他教英语。

2

3.宾语

Maryismakingcoffeeinthekitchen.

4.定语

TomisanAmericanmoviestar.

5.状语

HespeaksEnglishwell.

WhenIwasfive,IwenttoHongKongwithmyparents.

6.补语

Ifoundtheanswerwrong.

7.表语

HisnameisJack.

8.同位语

HehasgonetoTokyo,thecapitalofJapan.

五大基本句型：

1.主语+谓语:

Peoplesave.

Thehungrybirdsflyquickly.

2.主语+谓语+宾语

Sheloveshim.

Hereadsabook.

3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

Hegaveheragift.

Shetoldmeastory.

4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

Theyelectedhimpresident.

Iconsiderhermyfriend.

5.主语+系动词+表语

Heishappy.

Shelookstired.

3

名词

人、事物、地点以及抽象事物的名称

两大类：

(1)专有名词：人名、地名及一切特定事物的专有名称

(2)普通名词：各类普通人或物的名称

法国人vs.学生

Frenchstudent

普通名词：可数名词vs.不可数名词

可数名词：复数变化

(1)

map-maps;boy-boys;horse-horses;table-tables.

(2)

class-classes;box-boxes;hero-heroes;dish-dishes;bench-benches

注意：

photo-photos;piano-pianos.

(3)

family-families;city-cities;party-parties.

(4)

shelf-shelves;wolf-wolves;life-lives;knife-knives.

(2)

man-men;woman-women;sheep-sheep;tooth-teeth;

fish-fish;child-children;ox-oxen;goose-geese

不可数名词：

1无法分割：

气体/液体...

air/fog/oxygen/smoke...

beer/coffee/te