物理化学知识点总结.docxVIP

目录

第一章气体···································································································（1）第二章热力学第一定律···············································································（3）第三章热力学第二定律···············································································（5）第四章多组分系统热力学及其在溶液中的应用········································（8）第五章相平衡·····························································································（11）第六章化学平衡·························································································（13）第七章统计热力学基础·············································································（15）第八章电解质溶液·····················································································（17）第九章可逆电池的电动势及其应用·························································（19）第十章电解与极化·····················································································（21）第十一章化学动力学基础（一）·····························································（22）第十二章化学动力学基础（二）·····························································（23）第十三章表面物理化学·············································································（25）第十四章胶体分散系统和大分子溶液·····················································（26）

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乐山师范学院化学与生命科学学院

物理化学知识点归纳

根据傅献彩物理化学第五版总结编写，红色的公式要求重点掌握，蓝色的公式掌握。

第一章 气体

1.理想气体状态方程

pV

=nRT

pV

=

m

MRT

p

=ρMRT

适用于理想气体，近似适用于低压气体。

2.5个经验定律

Boyle-Marriote定律：等温条件下一定量的气体，体积与压力成反比。

pV11

=pV2 2

V2

Charles-Gat-Lussac定律：等压下一定量的气体，体积与温度成正比。

V1

=

T1

T2

Avogadro定律：等温等压下，同体积的各种气体所含分子数相同。

Dalton分压定律：混合气体的总压等于各气体分压之和。

p

=

px

=

nRTi

i

i

V

Amagat分体积定律：在一定的温度压力下，混合气体的体积等于组成该混合气体各组

分的分体积之和。

V

=

Vx

=

nRTi

i

i

p

3.分子运动的速率分布

dNv

=

4

???

m

1.5?

?

?

v

2

exp

?

??

?

mv

2

???

dv

代表分子速率介于

v

~(

v

+vd)

之间的分子占

π

2

kT

2

kT

N

总分子数的分数。

dNE

=

2

???

1

1.5?

?

?

E

1.5

exp

???

?

E

???

dE

代表分子能量介于

E

~(

E

+Ed)

之间的分子

π

kT

kT

N

占总分子数的分数。

NE1

→∞

=

exp

??

E1

?

代表能量超过

E的分子占总分子数的分数。1

N

?

?

kT

?

?

N

E2

→∞

=

exp

?