细胞、分子与遗传学复习资料.doc

Cellularsignaltransduction:Theprocessbywhichinformationfromtheextra-cellularenvironmentisconveyedintothecellinteriorwithachangeincellularresponse.(Sequentialinteractionofintracellularsignalmolecules).

CrosstalknetworkCascade

Secondmessengers:Smallsignalmoleculesthataregeneratedinthecellandtransmitmessageinresponsetoextracellularsignals,thenactivatemanyotherdownstreamcomponents.

Transmitsignalsmainlybyconcentrationandspatialchange,whichoccurandterminaterapidly.

1.解释以下名词：

细胞连接；紧密连接；锚定连接；黏合斑；

桥粒；半桥粒；通讯连接；间隙连接；

细胞黏附；细胞黏附分子；

2.简述细胞连接的分类与各种连接的功能。

3.简述细胞黏附的根本特性。

一、

CellJunction:includecell-celljunctionandcell-ECMjunction.Cell-celljunctionsarespecializedproteincomplexesthatallowneighboringcellstoadheretoandcommunicatewithoneanother.Cell-ECMjunctionarereceptorclustersthatpermitcelladheretotheECM.Allcell-ECMandcell-cellreceptorscontributetosignalingpathwayslinkingcells.

Tightjunction:Tightjunctionisthejunctionalcomplexthatformsbetweenadjacentepithelialcellsorendothelialcells,whichsealsthegapbetweenadjacentcellstokeepthestabilityofinternalenvironmentoftissues.Tightjunctionsalsopreserveepithelialcellpolaritybyservingasa“fence”thatpreventsdiffusionofplasmamembraneproteinsbetweentheapicalandbasalregions.

Anchoringjunction:akindofcelljunctionbetweencellsorcell-ECM,whichformsafirmbondthatresistsmechanicaltensionbyinvolvingcytoskeleton.Itconsistsoftwokindsofproteinsintracellularanchorproteinandtransmembraneadhesionprotein.

Adhesionplaque:Akindofcelljunctioninthebasalsideofepithelialcellswithactinattached,whichmediatestheadhesionbetweenthecellsandECM.Itismeaningfulofcellstretch,movementandsignaltransmission

Desmosomes:aredisk-shapedadhesivejunctionsbetweenadjacentcells,whicharetheattachingsitesofintermediatefilaments