云南财经大学英语思辨复习资料.pdf

云南财经大学英语思辨复习资料--第1页

Part1

1.Criticalthinkinginvolvesthinkingaboutthinking

2.Theavailabilityheuristicinvolvesunconsciouslyassigninga

probabilitytoatypeofeventbasedonhowoftenonethinksofeventsof

thattype.

3.Anissuesimplyraisesaquestion.

4.Thepartofanargumentthatprovidesareasonforacceptingtheother

partiscalledthepremise.

5.Ageneralruleweunconsciouslyfollowinestimatingprobabilitiesis

calledaheuristic.

Part2

1.Theconclusionofanargumentiswhatthepremisesupposedlysupports

ordemonstrates.

2.Thetendencytoweighnegativeevidencemoreheavilythanpositive

evidenceiscalledanegativitybias.

3.A(n)argumentpresentsaconsiderationforacceptingaclaim.

4.Assumingthatsocietyingeneralsharestheviewsheldbyusandthe

peopleweknowisthefalseconsensuseffect.

Part3

1.“PresidentLincolnwasthefinestU.S.Presidentinhistory”isan

objectiveclaim.(F)

2.Whetheranobjectiveclaimistrueorfalsedependsonwhetherpeople

1/26

云南财经大学英语思辨复习资料--第1页

云南财经大学英语思辨复习资料--第2页

3.Criticalthinkingshouldincludebiasesoremotions.(F)

4.Experiencedphilosophersorotherspecialistsintheirfieldsrarely

make

mistakesinreasoning.(F)

Part4

1.Educatedguessesorrulesofthumbareoftencalledheuristics

2.Emotion,greed,andbiasareallfactorsthatcanunderminecritical

thinking.

3.Whataretheultimateobjectivesofthinkingcritically?(Checkallthat

apply.)(C,D)