高等学校英语应用能力考试A级.pptVIP

二、语态主动语态被动语态1）为了强调动作的承受者；2）动作的发出者不明确或不需要指出时。结构形式:系动词be+及物动词的过去分词解时态、语态题时要注意的问题:1.下列动词一般无进行时:feel,own,want,have,believe,remember,hate,like,mind等2.不及物动词（或短语）和表示状态的词无被动语态。如happen,occur,rise,fit,suit,feellike,become,go,takeplace,consistof等3.be+过去分词既可能是被动语态也可能是系表结构4.一般来说，表示被动意义要用被动，但英语里有些主动句可表示被动意义，如look,feel,smell,sound,taste,wash,pick,iron,sell等Shesoundedamodestwoman.Hisbookdoesn’tsellRipeapplespickeasily.英语中共有三种语气:1）陈述语气:陈述事实。2）祈使语气:提出请求、命令等。3）虚拟语气:表示主观愿望和假设的情况。1.条件从句的虚拟语气if1)表示与现在的事实相反，用if…V.ed,…would/should/could/might+V.…IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.2)表示与过去事实相反，用if…had+V.ed,…would/should/could/mighthave+V.edThefloodmighthavecausedgreatdamagetothepeopleifwehadn’tbuiltsomanyreservoirs.3)表示对将来发生的情况的怀疑或实现的可能性很小,用if…should+V./were…,…would/should/could/might+V.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.4)错综时间条件句。Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemadesomanymistakeslastnight.2.用在其它从句的虚拟语气1）用在wish之后的宾语从句中a.表示现在的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时,be换成wereIwishIgotmorelettersfromthem.b.表示过去的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或couldhave+V.edIwishIhadgivenmoretimeinstudyingEnglishlastterm.c.表示未来不大可能实现的愿望,从句谓语用would+V.Iwishhewouldinvitemetothepartythisweekend.2）用在Itisabout(high)time+that从句（表示应该做，但还没做）。That从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，that可省略。It’shightimewebeganourmorningexercises.在wouldrather，wouldsooner，wouldjustassoon“宁愿”的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词有两种:1）表示现在或将来虚拟时，谓语一般都用一般过去时；2)表示过去虚拟用过去完成时。Iwouldratheryoucamenextweekinsteadoftoday.IwouldratherthatIhadnotfinishedthetask.3）用在表示命令、建议、要求和愿望的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should+V.(可省略should)常见这类动词有:suggest,request,insist,decide,advise,order,propose,ask,object,urge,vote,demand,recommend,command,desire等Thelawrequiresthateveryonetakeatestforad