英汉对比语言学期末(汇总).pdfVIP

英汉对比语言学期末(汇总)--第1页

英汉对比语言学

Unitone:

Linguistictypologyisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesandclassifieslanguages

accordingtotheirstructuralandfunctionalfeatures.Itsaimistodescribeand

explainthecommonpropertiesandthestructuraldiversityoftheworldslanguages.

Contrastivelinguisticsis

abranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestwoormorelanguageswiththeaims

ofdiscoveringtheirdifferencesandsimilarities(especiallytheformer)and

applyingthesefindingstorelatedareasofstudy.

Alanguageisasystemofhumancommunicationwhichconsistsofunitslike

morphemes,words,sentences,andutterances.Itisasystemofsymbolswhich

combinesoundsandmeaningstogether.

languageandthinking

TheFeaturesofLanguage

1)reflexivity(自反性）4)displacement（异时异地性）

2)arbitrariness（任意性）5)productivity（能产性）

3)duality（双重性）6)culturaltransmission（文化传递性）

Therelationshipbetweenspeechsoundsandthemeaningstheyrepresentinthe

languagesoftheworldis,forthemostpart,arbitrary.Thereisnoinherentrelation

betweenthetwo.

GrammaticalcharacteristicsoftheChineselanguage.

1.Thepartofspeechofaworddoesnotcorrespondtoitsfunctioninthesentence.

2.Compoundwords,phrasesandsentenceshavesimilarstructure.

3.4CiteexamplestodemonstratethegenerallybelievedopinionthatwordOrder

andfunctionalwordareimportantmeansintheChineselanguageforexpressing

grammaticalmeanings.

Chineseisanisolatinglanguage,asitswordsdonotundergomorphologicalchange

whenservingdiffer