2023届高考英语二轮阅读理解专题之科普知识类说明文(含参考答案、核心词汇背诵默写版、参考译文).pdf

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2023届高考英语二轮阅读理解专题之科普知识类说

明文（含参考答案、核心词汇背诵默写版、参考译文）

A篇

Everypersonyawns.Sodomanyothervertebrate(有脊椎的)animals,including

snakes,dogs,cats,sharks,andchimpanzees.Whileyawningiscontagious(会传染的),

noteveryonecatchesayawn.Around60-70%ofpeopleyawniftheyseeanother

personyawninreallifeorinaphotoorevenreadaboutyawning.Contagious

yawningalsooccursinanimals,butitdoesn’tnecessarilyworkthesamewayasin

people.

Scientistshaveproposedmanytheoriesforwhywecatchyawns.Probablythe

mostpopulartheoryisthatyawningservesasaformofnonverbalcommunication.

Catchingayawnshowsyou’reaccustomedtoaperson’semotions.Scientific

evidencecomesfroma2010studyattheUniversityofConnecticut,whichconcluded

yawningdoesnotbecomecontagiousuntilachildisaboutfouryearsoldwhen

empathy(共情)skillsdevelop.Inthestudy,childrenwithautism,whomayhave

impairedempathydevelopment,caughtyawnslessoftenthantheirpeers.

Studyingcontagiousyawninginotheranimalsmayprovidecluestohowpeople

catchyawns.Contagiousyawninginanimalsmayserveasameansofcommunication.

Siamesefightingfishyawnwhentheyseetheirmirrorimageoranotherfightingfish,

generallyjustpriortoanattack.

Contagiousyawningislinkedtotemperature,inbothanimalsandpeople.Most

scientistsspeculateitisathermoregulatorybehavior,whilesomeresearchersbelieve

itisusedtocommunicateapotentialthreatorstressfulsituation.A2010studyof

budgerigars(虎皮鹦鹉)foundthatyawningincreasedastemperaturewasraisednear

bodytemperature.

Peoplecommonlyyawnwhentiredorbored.Similarbehaviorisseeninanimals.

Onestudyfoundthebraintemperatureinsleepdeprivedratswashigherthantheir

coretempe

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