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Chineseembroidery
中国刺绣
Embroidery,afolkartwithalongtradition,occupiesanimportantpositioninthehistoryofChineseartsandcrafts.Itis,initslongdevelopment,inseparablefromsilkworm-raising,silk-reelingandweaving.
Chinaisthefirstcountryintheworldthatdiscoveredtheuseofsilk.Silkwormsweredomesticatedasearlyas5000yearsago.Theproductionofsilkthreadandfabricsgaverisetotheartofembroidery.
AccordingtotheclassicalShangshuorBookofHistory,the“regulationsoncostume”of4000yearsagostipulated(规定)amongotherthings“dressesandskirtswithdesignsandembroideries”.Thisisevidencethatembroideryhadbecomeanestablishedartbythatremotetime.In1958,apieceofsilkwasfoundinatombofthestateofChuoftheWarringStatesPeriod(475BC—221BC).Itisembroideredwithadragon-and-phoenixdesign.Morethan2000yearsold,itistheearliestpieceofChineseembroideryeverunearthed.TheartbecamewidespreadduringtheHanDynasty(202BC—220AD).
Today,silkembroideryispractisednearlyalloverChina.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthebestcommercialproductscomefromfourprovinces:Jiangsu(notablySuzhou),Hunan,SichuanandGuangdong,eachwithitsdistinctivefeatures.Embroideredworkshavebecomehighlycomplexandexquisite(精美的)today.Takethedouble-faceembroideryCat,representativeworkofSuzhouembroidery,forexample.Anartistsplitsthehair-thincolouredsilkthreadintofilaments(细丝)—half,quarter,1/12oreven1/48ofitsoriginalthickness—andusestheseinembroidering,concealingthethousandsofendsandjointsintheprocessandmakingthemdisappearasifbymagic.Thefinishedworkisacuteandmischievous-lookingcatonbothsidesofthegroundwork.Themostdifficultpartofthejobistheeyesofthecat.Togivethemlustre(光泽)andlife,silkfilamentsofmorethan20coloursorshadeshavetobeused.
Recently,onthebasisofdouble-facedembroideryhasdevelopedfurtherinnovation—thesamed
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