动词不定式的用法归纳通用课件.pptVIP

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。

1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用

1不定式作主语(subject)谓语动词用单数形式。Toseeistobelieve.Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。?Earlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabit．?Whenandwheretoholdthepartyhasn’tbeendecided.?Whentoholdthepartyandwheretoholdthepartyhaven’t_________beendecided.

2.作宾语v1)．不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want,decide,intend,expect,learn,manage,plan,promise,refuse,threaten,fail,wish,hope,pretend,choose等等。vImeantogothereatonce.vIhopetofinishtheworkintime.vIplantogotoBeijingthissummer.v2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词/名词+todosth”。vIthinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.vIfounditdifficulttoseehimhere.

3)不定式用在介but,except,后,如果些介前有行do的各种形式,那么介后的不定式不to,相反to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Thereisnothingtodobutwait.(3).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.

3．作表语v不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job.vToteachistolearn.vMyjobistohelpthepatient.vMyambitionistobecomeateacher.vTheoldmanseemstobesick.v【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。vAllIwanttodonowisfillmystomach.

4．作宾语补足语?Heaskedmetogowithhim.?Hedidn’tallowmetogooutalone.【注意】在感官see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等）和使役let,have，make后的足中，不定式不to。但句子成被，必to。?Isawhimplayinthepark.?→Hewasseentoplayinthepark.?Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.?→Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.?Iheardhersingtoday．?→Shewasheardtosingtoday．

※(5).定语1.something,anything,nothing,everything,noone等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Ihavesomethingtosay.动宾关系Heisnotamantotelllies.主谓关系Weallhaveachanc