2022年职称英语考试真题及答案(理工类B级).pdf

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2022年职称英语考试真题及答案(理工类B级)

Whensomethingcreatesasoundwaveinaroomoranauditorium(礼

堂)，listenershearthesoundwavedirectlyfromthesource.They

alsohearthereflectionsasthesoundbouncesoffthewalls,

floor,andceiling.Thesearecalledthereflectedwaveor

reverberant(反射的)sound,whichcanbeheardevenafterthesound

isnolongercomingfromthesource.

Thereverberationtimeofanauditoriumisdeterminedbythe

volumeorinteriorsizeoftheauditorium.Itisalsodetermined

byhowwellorhowpoorlythewalls,ceiling,floor,andcontents

oftheroom(includingthepeople)absorbsound.Thereisnoideal

reverberationtime.Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchas

WagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberation

time.Thelight,rapidmusicalpassagesofBachorMozartneeda

reverberationtimesomewherebetween.

Acousticproblemsoftenarecausedbypoorauditorium

design.Smooth,curved(弯曲的)reflectingsurfacescreatelarge

reflections.Parallel(平行的)wallsreflectsoundbackandforth,

creatingarapid,repetitivepulsing(有节奏的跳动)effect.Large

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pillars(柱)andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesound

wavestrytopassaroundtheobject.Someoftheseproblemscan

besolvedbyusingabsorbersandrelectorstochangethe

reverberationtimeofaroom.Forexample,hanginglarge

reflectors,calledclouds,overtheperformerswillallowsome

soundfrequenciestoreflectandotherstopassyoachievea

pleasingmixtureofsound.

1.ThisPassageismainlyabout

Asoundwavesandtheiracousticeffect.

Bthetypesofmusicorchestrasplay

Cwallsofanauditorium

Dthedesignofanauditorium

2.WagneroperasandMahlersymphoniessoundfullerinan

auditoriumwith

~2/3~