内蒙古讲义正文.pdf

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内蒙古自治区区情

内蒙古是中华民族的发祥地之一，5000多年前，内蒙古已经是仰韶文化的分布范

围。另见辽河出土的红山文化。春秋战国之前，一些北方的游牧民族在内蒙古地区游牧

生活，时间较长、影响较大的有匈奴、鲜卑、突厥、乌桓、契丹等。蒙古族发祥于额尔

古纳河流域，年，成吉思汗建立蒙古汗国。上世纪年代，内蒙古各族人民在中

120620

国共产党领导下，积极投身反封建反侵略斗争，年月日，内蒙古自治政府在

194751

王爷庙（现兴安盟乌兰浩特市）成立。中华人民共和国成立后，内家古自治政府改名为

内蒙古自治区人民政府。

内蒙古自治区位于中国北部边疆，由东北向西南斜伸，呈狭长形，东西直线距离

2400公里，南北跨度1700公里，横跨东北、华北、西北三大区。土地总面积118.3万

平方公里，占全国总面积的12.3%，在全国各省、市、自治区中名列第三位。东南西与

黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃省区毗邻，北与蒙古国、俄

8

罗斯接壤，国境线长4200公里。

全区基本上是一个高原型的地貌区，大部分地区海拔1000米以上。内蒙古高原是

中国四大高原中的第二大高原。除了高原以外，还有山地、丘陵、平原、沙漠、河流、

湖泊。

全区由于地理位置和地形的影响，形成以温带大陆性季风气候为主的复杂多样的气

候。春季气温骤升，多大风天气；夏季短促温热，降水集中；秋季气温剧降，秋霜冻

400-6300-9991

往往过早来临；冬季漫长严寒，多寒潮天气。全年降水量在100-500毫米之间，无霜期

在80-150天之间，年日照量普遍在2700小时以上。大兴安岭和阴山山脉是全区气候差

异的重要自然分界线，大兴安岭以东和阴山以北地区的气温和降雨量明显低于大兴安岭

以西和阴山以南地区。

极端气候事件

年全区共站日最高气温达到或超过极端阈值，出现极端高温事件，比去年

2019