2025届高考英语专项复习 阅读理解文章重点讲解讲义(词汇讲解 成分分析).docx

高考阅读理解文章重点讲解讲义(词汇讲解+成分分析)

1.曼哈顿蚂蚁

Antspecies?that?getintroducedintoabrandnew?environment?often?form?supercolonies,vanWilgenburgsays.?Thatmeanstheirnestsall?contain?antsthatarecloselyrelatedand?geneticallysimilar,sothedifferentnestsdon’t?fight?witheachother.

That’snotthecasewithManhattAnts.

Testsinthelab?show?thatantstakenfromdifferentNewYorknestswilltreateachotherlikestrangersand?dukeitout.?Evenneighboringneststhatarephysicallyclosetoeachother,likeinadjacentflowerpots,cantreateachotheras?direenemies.

“Theyareveryaggressivetowardsotherants,andyouwillseethemcarryingotherants’bodies,”saysClancyMcCann,aFordhamUniversitystudentwho’sbeenstudyingthisantwithvanWilgenburg.

IzzieKaplan,anotherFordhamstudent,saysManhattAnts—likemanyNewYorkers—arealsospeedwalkers.

“They’reveryfast,andthat’sanotherreasonwhywe’resuperinterestedinthem,”saysKaplan.Theirspeedmaygive?them?an?advantage?inthecityasthey?compete?withotherspeciesforresources.

Ingeneral,theseants?eschew?humanfood,althoughKennettsaysher?research?showsthattheywillresorttowhatever’s?available?in“reallyurbansidewalkhabitats.”

Theirmain?sustenance?is?honeydew,akindofsugarypoopexcretedbyaphidsandscaleinsects.

Theantsseemtobegoingupintostreettreesto?forage?forhoneydew,saysKennett,anditmaybethatthey’vefounda?gig?that’snotreallybeingpursuedbyotherantsinthiscity.

Butantsthatlikehoneydewwillprotectandcarefortheplantpeststhatproduceit,increasingthenumbersofpestsandconsequentlymakinglifeharderfortheplants.?Invasive?ArgentineantsinCaliforniatendaphidsinthisway,forexample,andhaveproventobearealheadacheforcitrusorchardsthere.

It’s“entirelypossible”that,inthelongterm,ManhattAntscouldhavea?negative?effect?oncitytrees,saysKennett,whosaystheseantsseemtobeforagingconstant