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Unit1FestivalsandCelebration重要题型专练
一、阅读选择
LaborDayinAmericabeganmorethan100yearsagotohonorlow-paidfactoryworkers.
LaborDayalsoinformallymarkstheendofsummer.ManystudentsreturntoschoolafterLaborDay.Thehot
daysofsummerturncooler.ManyAmericanscelebratetheholidaywithanoutdoorfamilypicnic.
ButLaborDaystartedwithastruggle.OnMay1,1889,workersdemonstratedonthestreetsofParis,France.
InternationalLaborDaywasborn.Mostindustrializedcountriesintheworld—excepttheUnitedStatesand
Canada—celebrateLaborDayonthefirstofMay.
OnSeptember5,1882,inNewYorkCity.About10,000workerswalkedthroughthestreetstoshowthe
strengthoforganizedlabor.Formanyyearsafterthat,AmericanworkersusedthefirstMondayinSeptembertoask
forbetterworkingconditionsandpay.Musicwasapartofmanyofthosemarches.
Laborsongstraditionallytellstoriesofconflict(冲突)andhopesforabetterlife.ManytraditionalAmerican
laborsongscamefromworkersinthecoalminesoftheSouth.Mineownerswerebitterlyagainstworkers’unions
(工会).InKentucky,companypolicesearchedforunionleaders.Theywaitedoutsideaworker’shomeforseveral
daystostophimfromorganizing.
Thecoalminer’swife,FlorenceReece,stayedinsidewithherchildren.Shewrotethissong,“WhichSideAre
YouOn?”AnotherAmericanlaborsongiscalled“BreadandRoses.”ItisbasedonapoembyJamesOppenheim,
publishedinDecemberof1911.
Thepoemspeaksaboutthewomen’slabormovement.Atthattime,conditionsinfactories,wheremany
womenworked,werehorrible.AfireataclothingfactoryinNewYorkkilled146people.
AmonthafterOppenheim’spoemwaspublished,textileworkersinLawrence,Massachusettswentonstrike,
whichwonthemhigherpayandbetterworkingconditions.Oppenheim’spoemgainedmoreattention.
1.WhatdoesLaborDaymeantostudentsintheUnitedStates?
..
AIt
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