外刊改编语法填空题百日Day 15 Day 16-2025届高三英语一轮复习.docx

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原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day15

Wenowknowwhywemessupwhenthestakesarehigh

The?prospect?ofarewardusuallymotivatesustoperformbetter,butaparticularlybigonecanhavetheoppositeeffect——likelosingatapenaltyshoot-out.Now,researchershaveidentifiedapotentialbrain?mechanism?thatmaycauseusto?choke?underpressure.

In2021,AdamSmoulderatCarnegieMellonUniversity,Pennsylvania,andhiscolleaguesshowedthatnon-human?primates?canalsofailtocarryoutataskwhenitseeminglymatters_____1______(much).Theresearcherstrainedthreerhesusmonkeystoperformadifficultreachingtaskinreturn_____2______areward——sugarywater——andfoundthattheyperformedworstwhentherewardwasmost?plentiful.

Tobetterunderstandwhythishappens,thesameresearcherstrainedadifferentgroupofrhesusmonkeystoreachforasmallmovingtarget,whichrequiredfastand?accuratemovements,inexchangefordifferentquantitiesofsugarywater.Theyusedmicroelectrodestorecordtheactivityof?neurons?intheanimals’motorcortex,thebrainregion_____3______plansand?executes?movements.

Theteamfoundthatindividualcellsinthisregionweresensitivetothesizeoftheexpectedrewardand“tuned”theirresponsesaccordingly–increasingtheiractivityin?anticipation?oflargerrewardsanddecreasingit_____4______theyexpectedsmallerones.Whenlookingatthe?coordinated?activityoftheregion’scells,theresearchersalsofoundneural“signatures”forplannedmovements,witheachofthemonkeys’upcomingreachesbeingassociatedwithadistinctpatternofneuralactivitythat?corresponded?toplanningtheexecutionofthemovement.

Butwhenthemonkeysexpecteda?jackpot?reward,thedifferencebetweenthesignaturesforeachplannedreachmovementdecreaseddramatically.Themovementplanninginformationthatwas?encoded?inthecellpopulationbrokedown,makingthepatternsthat_____5______(associate)witheachpos