医学英语中枢神经系统.ppt

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医学英语中枢神经系统

Onewaytoclassifyneuronsisbythenumberofextensionsthatextendfromtheneuronscellbody(soma).Bipolarneuronshavetwoprocessesextendingfromthecellbody(examples:retinalcells,olfactoryepitheliumcells).Pseudo-uni-polarcells(example:dorsalrootganglioncells).Actually,thesecellshave2axonsratherthananaxonanddendrite.Oneaxonextendscentrallytowardthespinalcord,theotheraxonextendstowardtheskinormuscle.Multipolarneuronshavemanyprocessesthatextendfromthecellbody.However,eachneuronhasonlyoneaxon(examples:spinalmotorneurons,pyramidalneurons,Purkinjecells).Typesofneurons.

Neuronscanalsobeclassifiedbythedirectionthattheysendinformation:Sensory(orafferent)neurons:sendinformationfromsensoryreceptors(e.g.,inskin,eyes,nose,tongue,ears)TOWARDthecentralnervoussystem.Motor(orefferent)neurons:sendinformationAWAYfromthecentralnervoussystemtomusclesorglands.Interneurons:sendinformationbetweensensoryneuronsandmotorneurons.Mostinterneuronsarelocatedinthecentralnervoussystem.Typesofneurons.

Asingleneuronconsistof:CELLBODY:isthemetaboliccenteroftheneuron,containstheNucleusandMitochondrion.DENDRITES:conveyincomingmessagestothecellbody.AXONHILLOCK:aconelikeregionfromwhereanaxonarises.AXONS:generatesnerveimpulsesandtopicallyconductthemawayfromthecellbody.Anerveisagroupofaxons”.Presynapticterminals:Theswollen,distalendofanaxon;containsaneurotransmittersubstancewithinsynapticvesicles.Alsocalledsynapticending.

AxonsTakeinformationawayfromthecellbodySmoothSurfaceGenerallyonly1axonpercellNoribosomesCanhavemyelinBranchfurtherfromthecellbodyDendritesBringinformationtothecellbodyRoughSurface(dendriticspines)UsuallymanydendritespercellHaveribosomesNomyelininsulationBranchnearthecellbodyThereareseveraldifferencesbetween

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