血液专业知识培训.ppt

血液专业知识培训;;;Homeostasis（稳态）;ComponentsofHomeostasis:

ConcentrationofO2andCO2

pHoftheinternalenvironment

Concentrationofnutrientsandwasteproducts

Concentrationofsaltandotherelectrolytes

Volumeandpressureofextracellularfluid;----Regulation;Componentsofblood;Plasmaincludes

water,ions,proteins,

nutrients,hormones,

wastes,etc.; thevolumeofredbloodcellsasapercentageofcentrifugedwholeblood

M:40~50%

F:37~48%;Physicalchemicalpropertiesofblood;2.Viscosity（粘度）;3.OsmoticPressure（渗透压）;Plasmaosmoticpressure(~300mOsm/L）

CrystalloidOsmoticPressure（晶体渗透压）

Pressuregeneratedbyallcrystalsubstances,particularlyelectrolytes

Importantinmaintainingfluidbalanceacrosscellmembranes

ColloidOsmoticPressure（胶体渗透压）

Osmoticpressuregeneratedbyplasmaproteins,particularlyalbumin.

Approximately25mmHg,butimportantinfluidtransferacrosscapillaries;4.PlasmapH;Functionsofblood;; Water(92%ofplasma)

servesastransportmedium;carriesheat

Proteins(6~8%ofplasma)

Inorganicconstituents(1%ofplasma)

e.g.,Na+,Cl-,K+,Ca2+…

Nutrients

glucose,aminoacids,lipidsvitamins

Wasteproducts

e.g.,nitrogenouswasteslikeurea

Dissolvedgases

O2CO2

Hormones

;Plasmaproteins;Albumins（白蛋白）(60-80%ofplasmaproteins)

mostimportantinmaintenanceofosmoticbalance

producedbyliver

Globulins（球蛋白）(?1-,?2-,?-,?-)

importantfortransportofmaterialsthroughtheblood(e.g.,thyroidhormoneiron)

clottingfactors

producedbyliverexcept?-globulinswhichareimmunoglobulins(antibodies)producedbylymphocytes

Fibrinogen（纤维蛋白原）

importantinclotting

producedbyliver

;Redbloodcells(Erythrocytes)

（红细胞）;Structure;Count

RBCcount

M:4.0~5.5×1012/L

F:3.5~5.0×1012/L

Hemoglobin（血红蛋白）

M:120~160g/L

F:110~150g/L;Physiologicalproperties;ErythrocyteSedimentationRate(ESR)（红细胞沉降率）

Thedistancethatredbloodcellssettlein