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Stimulusresponseresearch
Background.
Learninginvolvesinvolveslongtermmemorymemory
Thefirstpartofthedefinitionfocusesonwhatweknow(andcan
thusputtouse)whilethesecondfocusesonconcretebehavior.Forexample,many
peoplewillavoidfoodsthattheyconsumedshortlybeforebecomingill.Learningis
notallknowledgebased.Forexample,wemayexperiencethesalespeopleinone
storebeingnicertousthanthoseintheother.Wethusmaydevelopapreferencefor
theonestoreovertheother;however,ifpressed,wemaynotbeabletogivea
consciousexplanationastothereasonforourpreference.
Muchearlyworkonlearningwasactuallydoneonratsandotheranimals(and
muchofthisresearchwasunjustifiablycruel,butthatisanothermatter).
Classicalconditioning.
Pavlov‟searlyworkondogswasknownasclassicalconditioning.Pavlov
discoveredthatwhendogswerefedmeatpowdertheysalivated.Pavlovthen
discoveredthatifabellwererungbeforethedogswerefed,thedogswouldbegin
salivatinginanticipationofbeingfed(thiswasefficient,sincetheycouldthenbegin
digestingthemeatpowderimmediately).Pavlovthenfoundthatafterthemeathad
beenbeenmeatpowderenoughtimes,Pavlovcouldringthebellwithout
feedingthedogsandtheywouldstillsalivate.
Inthejargonofclassicalconditioning,themeatpowderwasanunconditioned
stimulus(US)andthesalivationwas,whenprecededbythemeatpowder,an
unconditionedresponse(UR).Thatis,itisabiologicallybiologicallyresponseto
salivatewhenyouarefed.Bypairingthebellwiththe
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