词汇学期末复习.pdfVIP

LectureOne

AGeneralSurveyofEnglishvocabulary

1.Thedefinitionofaword

Afundamentalunitofspeechandaminimumfreeform;withaunityof

soundandmeaning(bothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning),capableof

performingagivensyntacticfunction

2.ClassificationofEnglishWords

•(1).Byorigin:nativewordsandloanwords

Nativewords:Anglo-Saxonorigin/oldEnglish

e.g.sun,rain,moon/head,hand,foot/night,morning,here,there/horse,dog,

tree,flower/big,small,red,white,etc.

•Loan/borrowedwords:wordsborrowedfromotherlanguages

e.g.fault-French;aikido-Japanese;individual-Latin

tofu/litchi/chaa/chinchin-Chinese,etc.

•(2).Bylevelofusage:commonwords,literarywords,colloquialwords,slang

words,technicalwords

(3).Bynotion:functionwordsandcontentwords

•Function/grammaticalwords:nothavemuch(someofthemhaveno)lexical

meaningoftheirown;andjustservegrammatically

•e.g.The(article)friendof(preposition)minewill(auxiliary)cometomy

houseto(infinitive)takehisbook.

•Content/lexicalwords:havelexicalmeanings;referstosubstance,quality,

action,suchasns,vs,advs,advs

LectureTwo

MorphologicalStructureofEnglishWords

•2.1Morphemes

•2.2TypesofMorphemes

•2.3Allomorphs

•2.1.Morpheme(词素,形位)

(1)Thedefinitionofamorpheme

Amorpheme(词素)isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitof

language,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.

•Examples

•Onemorpheme:nation

•Twomorphemes:nation-al

•Threemorphemes:nation-al-ize

•Fourmorphemes:de-nation-al-ize

2.2TypesofMorphemes

•1.FreeboundMorphemes

2.Rootsandaffixes

•(1)Freemorphemes

•Morphemeswhichareindepende