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The18thCentury
TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland
1688-1798十八世纪英国启蒙时期theAgeofReason
GeneralIntroductionThisperiodextendsfrom1688to1798,theyearwhenWordsworthandColeridgepublishedtheirLyricalBallads.Itwasthetimewhenthedominantliterarytheoryisneoclassicism.BySamuelJohnsonsdeathin1784,neoclassicismcametoadeclineandromanticismbegantoemerge.Thelastyearsofthe18thcenturysawthebeginningofRomanticismintheworksofPre-RomanticpoetsasBurns,andBlake.
The18thCenturyEnglandcomparativelypeacefuldevelopmentInpoliticsaconstitutionalmonarchyTheParliamentandthecabinetministershavethepower.InindustryIndustrialRevolution,whichinfluencedthewayofsociallife.
The18thCenturyEnglandInruralEnglandtheEnclosureMovement,expropriation,thelandlesspeasants,workersincities,newindustrialproletariat无产阶级unbearableconditionsoflife,numerousuprisings
TheLiteraryBackgroundtothisperiodThecontending(敌对的)factions(派别)Literati(文人学士)asservantsofcontention:pamphletsThedevelopmentofsociallife
1.Theliteratureofthe18thcenturywasdominatedbytheinterestsofcontendingpartiesTheWhigs:determinedtosafeguardpopularliberty;TheTories:conservative,wouldleaveasmuchauthorityaspossibleintheroyalhands;
2.LiteratiasservantsofcontentionTheWhigsandtheTorieswerewellbalancedinpower.TooverturnaToryoraWhigcabinetonlyafewvoteswerenecessaryandtoinfluencesuchvotesLondonwasfloodedwithpamphlets.MostofthegreatwritersoftheagewerethewillingservantsoftheWhigsorToriesaspamphleteers.
3.ThedevelopmentofsociallifeThefirsthalfofthe18thcenturyEnglandsawtheappearanceofalargenumberofpubliccoffeehousesandprivateclubs.Nearlyallwritersfrequentedthecoffeehouses,andmattersdiscussedtherebecamesubjectsofliterature.Hencetheenormousamountof18th-centurywritingdevotedtotransientaffairs,topol
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