商务统计学（第7版）英文ppt课件9 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing One-Sample Tests、10 Two-Sample Tests and One-Way ANOVA .ppt

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商务统计学（第7版）英文ppt课件9 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing One-Sample Tests、10 Two-Sample Tests and One-Way ANOVA .ppt

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FundamentalsofHypothesisTesting:One-SampleTestsChapter9

ObjectivesInthischapter,youlearn:ThebasicprinciplesofhypothesistestingHowtousehypothesistestingtotestameanorproportionTheassumptionsofeachhypothesis-testingprocedure,howtoevaluatethem,andtheconsequencesiftheyareseriouslyviolatedPitfallsethicalissuesinvolvedinhypothesistestingHowtoavoidthepitfallsinvolvedinhypothesistesting

WhatisaHypothesis?Ahypothesisisaclaim (assertion)abouta populationparameter:populationmeanpopulationproportionExample:Themeanmonthlycellphonebillinthiscityisμ=$42Example:Theproportionofadultsinthiscitywithcellphonesisπ=0.68DCOVA

TheNullHypothesis,H0StatestheclaimorassertiontobetestedExample:Themeandiameterofamanufacturedboltis30mm()Isalwaysaboutapopulationparameter,notaboutasamplestatisticDCOVA

TheNullHypothesis,H0BeginwiththeassumptionthatthenullhypothesisistrueSimilartothenotionofinnocentuntil

provenguiltyReferstothestatusquoorhistoricalvalueAlwayscontains“=“,or“≤”,or“≥”signMayormaynotberejected(continued)DCOVA

TheAlternativeHypothesis,H1Istheoppositeofthenullhypothesise.g.,Themeandiameterofamanufacturedboltisnotequalto30mm(H1:μ≠30)ChallengesthestatusquoNevercontainsthe“=“,or“≤”,or“≥”signMayormaynotbeprovenIsgenerallythehypothesisthattheresearcheristryingtoproveDCOVA

TheHypothesisTestingProcessClaim:Thepopulationmeanageis50.H0:μ=50, H1:μ≠50Samplethepopulationandfindthesamplemean.PopulationSampleDCOVA

TheHypothesisTestingProcessSupposethesamplemeanagewasX=20.Thisissignificantlylowerthantheclaimedmeanpopulationageof50.Ifthenullhypothesisweretrue,theprobabilityofgettingsuchadifferentsamplemeanwouldbeverysmall,soyourejectthenullhypothesis.Inotherwords,gettingasamplem