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NumericalDescriptiveMeasuresChapter3
Inthischapter,youlearnto:Describethepropertiesofcentraltendency,variation,andshapeinnumericaldataConstructandinterpretaboxplotComputedescriptivesummarymeasuresforapopulationCalculatethecovarianceandthecoefficientofcorrelationObjectives
SummaryDefinitionsThecentraltendencyistheextenttowhichthevaluesofanumericalvariablegrouparoundatypicalorcentralvalue.Thevariationistheamountofdispersionorscatteringawayfromacentralvaluethatthevaluesofanumericalvariableshow.Theshapeisthepatternofthedistributionofvaluesfromthelowestvaluetothehighestvalue.DCOVA
MeasuresofCentralTendency:
TheMeanThearithmeticmean(oftenjustcalledthe“mean”)isthemostcommonmeasureofcentraltendencyForasampleofsizen:SamplesizeObservedvaluesTheithvaluePronouncedx-barDCOVA
MeasuresofCentralTendency:
TheMean(con’t)ThemostcommonmeasureofcentraltendencyMean=sumofvaluesdividedbythenumberofvaluesAffectedbyextremevalues(outliers)11121314151617181920Mean=1311121314151617181920Mean=14DCOVA
MeasuresofCentralTendency:
TheMedianInanorderedarray,themedianisthe“middle”number(50%above,50%below)LesssensitivethanthemeantoextremevaluesMedian=13Median=131112131415161718192011121314151617181920DCOVA
MeasuresofCentralTendency:
LocatingtheMedianThelocationofthemedianwhenthevaluesareinnumericalorder(smallesttolargest):Ifthenumberofvaluesisodd,themedianisthemiddlenumberIfthenumberofvaluesiseven,themedianistheaverageofthetwomiddlenumbers Notethatisnotthevalueofthemedian,onlythepositionofthemedianintherankeddataDCOVA
MeasuresofCentralTendency:
TheModeValuethatoccursmostoftenNotaffectedbyextremevaluesUsedforeithernumericalorcategoricaldataTheremayben
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