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虚拟语气

1/22

语气种类

陈说语气：表示动作或状态是现实，确定或符合事实，用于陈说句，疑问句和一些感叹句。

Wearenotready.

Diditrainalldayyesterday?

Howafinedayitis!

祈使语气：表说话人提议，请求，邀请，命令等。

Becarefully!

Dontforgettoclosethewindow!

Openthedoor,please?

虚拟语气：表动作或状态不是客观存在事实，而是说话人主观愿望，假设或推测等。

IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyEnglish.

Iwishyouchouldgowithme.

Mayyousucceed!

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2/22

一.虚拟语气在条件句中使用方法

条件句有两类，真实条件句和虚拟条件句

真实条件句：假设情况有可能发生，谓语用陈说语气。

Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.

虚拟条件句：假设过去现在都不存在，或者未来不大可能发生情况

Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouabouthomework.

3/22

在含有虚拟条件句复合句中，主语和从句谓语中都要用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气从句和主句动词形式列表以下

动词形式

从句

主句

与现在事实相反

动词过去式（be过去式普通用were）

would

should+动词原形

could

might

与过去事实相反

had+过去分词

would

should+have+过去分词

chould

might

与未来事实可能相反

动词过去式

should+动词原形

wereto+动词原形

would

should+动词原形

chould

might

4/22

表示与现在事实相反假设和结果

IfIwereyou,Ishould/would/chould/mighttellhimthetruth

Ifhehadtime,heshould/would/chould/mightgowithyou.

Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.

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2.与过去事实相反假设或结果

Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnt/shouldnt/couldnt/mighthavefailedintheexam.

IfIhadhadthemoneylastweek,Ishould/would/chould/mighthaveboughtacar.

Ifshehadwonthegame,shewould/chould/mighthavetelephonedyouimmediately.

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3.表示与未来事实相反结果或假设

Ifitweresaturdaytomorrow,IwouldgototheJingsanRoadtoshop.

Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnottogoout.

Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould/chould/mightbesaved.

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4.主从句动作发生时间不一致情况

有时候条件从句中动作与主语从句中动作发生时间，这时候动词形式要依据它所表示时间加以调整

Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctors,youwouldbeallrightnow.

IfyouhadpractisedspeakingEnglishmore,youwouldbeabletospeakitfluently.

8/22

二.虚拟语气在主语从句中使用方法

在“Itsimportant/strange/natural/necessarythat…这类句型中，that一道主语从句中谓语动词惯用”should+动词原形“结构，表示”主要“”奇怪“”自然“”必要“等意义

Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfofthisrules