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Chapter2Exercises
I.Definethefollowingterms.
1.Phonetics:Thestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage;itis
concernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguage.
2.Articulatoryphonetics:thestudyoftheproductionofspeech
sounds.
3.Acousticphonetics:thestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthe
soundsproducedinspeech.
4.Auditoryphonetics:thestudyoftheperceptionofspeechsounds.
5.Voiceless:Whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,letting
airgothroughwithoutcausingvibration,thesoundsproducedinsucha
conditionarecalledvoicelesssounds.
6.Voiced:Soundsproducedwhilethevocalcordsarevibratingare
calledvoicedsounds.
7.Broadtranscription:Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswith
lettersymbolsonly.
8.Narrowtranscription:Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswith
lettersymbolsandthediacritics.
9.IPA:Astandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemof
phonictranscription,itsbasicprincipleisusingadifferentletter
foreachdistinguishablespeechsound.
10.Vowels:Thesoundsintheproductionofwhichnoarticulators
comeveryclosetogetherandtheairstreampassesthroughthevocal
tractwithoutobstructionarecalledvowels.
11.Consonants:Thesoundsintheproductionofwhichthereisan
obstructionoftheairstreamatsomepointofthevocaltractare
calledconsonants.
12.Phonology:Thestudyofsoundsystem-theinventoryof
distinctivesoundsthatoccurinalanguageandthepatternsintowhich
theyfall.
13.Phoneme:thesmallestlinguisticunitofsoundthatcansignal
adifferenceinmeaning.
14.Allophone:Differentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemein
differentenvironmentsarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.
15.Phone:Aphoneticunitorsegment.Itdoesnotnecessarily
distinguishmeaning.Itis
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