文学专业术语.pdf

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文学专业术语

LiteraryTerms

1.Literatureoftheabsurd:(荒诞派文学)Thetermisappliedtoanumberofworksindramaand

prosefictionwhichhaveincommonthesensethatthehumanconditionisessentiallyabsurd,andthat

thisconditioncanbeadequatelyrepresentedonlyinworksofliteraturethatarethemselvesabsurd.

ThecurrentmovementemergedinFranceaftertheSecondWorldWar,asarebellionagainstessential

beliefsandvaluesoftraditionalcultureandtraditionalliterature.Theyholdthebeliefthatahuman

beingisanisolatedexistentwhoiscastintoanalienuniverseandthehumanlifeinitsfruitlesssearch

forpurposeandmeaningisbothanguishandabsurd.

2.Theateroftheabsurd:(荒诞派戏剧)belongstoliteratureoftheabsurd.Tworepresentativesofthis

schoolareEugeneIonesco,FrenchauthorofTheBaldSoprano(1949)(此作品中文译名秃头歌

女),andSamuelBeckett,IrishauthorofWaitingforGodot(1954)(此作品是荒诞派戏剧代表作

等待戈多).Theyprojecttheirrationalism,helplessnessandabsurdityoflifeindramaticformsthat

rejectrealisticsettings,logicalreasoning,oracoherentlyevolvingplot.

3.Blackcomedyorblackhumor:(黑色幽默)itmostlyemployedtodescribebaleful,naiuml;ve,or

ineptcharactersinafantasticornightmarishmodernworldplayingouttheirrolesinwhatIonesco

calleda“tragicfarce”,inwhichtheeventsareoftensimultaneouslycomic,horrifying,andabsurd.

JosephHeller’sCatch-22(美国著名作家约瑟夫海勒二十二条军规)canbetakenasanexample

oftheemploymentofthistechnique.

4.AestheticismortheAestheticMovement(唯美主义):itbegantoprevailinEuropeatthemiddleof

the19thcentury.Thetheoryof“artforart’ssake”wasfirstputforwardbysomeFrenchartists.They

declaredthatartshouldservenoreligious,moralorsocialpurpose.Thetwomostimportant

representativesofaestheticistsinEnglishliteratureareWaltPaterandOscarWilde.

5.Allegory(寓言):atalein

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