中国政治经济文化英文.pdf

china

Political:

Chinaisoneofthecountriesintheworld,whichisearliesttoreachitscultural

flourishment.

China’sancienthistoryhasundergoneseveralstage:primitivesociety、

slavesociety、feudalsociety。

1.PrimitiveSociety：Chinaisoneoftheimportantcradlesofhumanbeings.

Afteralongperiodofevolution,theprimitivemanandclansindifferentperiods

havecomeintobeing.Suchas

(Homoerectusyuanmouensis)(About17,000,000yearsago)

2.SlavesocietyXiaDynasty、ShangDynasty、ZhouDynasty、TheSpringand

AutumnPeriod

3.

Feudalsociety:feudalsocietycanbedividedintofivestage

(1)

formationandinitialdevelopment:Warringstate、Qin、Han.

(2)

Feudalnationalsecessionandnationalintegration:Thethree

kingdoms、TheJinDestiny、NorthernandSouthernDynasties.

(3)

prosperityphase:SuiTangandtheFiveDynasties

(4)Nationalfusionandthefeudaleconomycontinuedtodevelop:

LiaoSongJinXiaYuan.

、、、、

(5)Thefeudalsystemgraduallydeclined:Ming、Qing

Economy:

ChinasoriginalagricultureoriginatedintheYellowRiverandYangtze

riverbasin,anditreachedahigherlevelinthecentralplainsfirstly,aftertheSouthernS

ongdynasty,economicgravitymovedtosouth.

1.Withtheimprovementoftheinstrumentsofproduction,theprimitivesociety

agriculturaldevelopedtothesimplecollaborationoftheirfarming

2.

Thespringandautumnperiodandthewarringstatesperiod,ironplough,oxen-led

appearedandwereused,withtheindividualfamilyastheunit,agricultureandhandicraft

industryofcombi